高中定语从句的讲解

定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句扩展资料：1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.参考资料：定语从句-百度百科

定语从句【知识简介】名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。【要点难点】1)that和which的用法区别只用that的情况：①先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。②先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。③先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。④先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。⑤先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I’ve learned。⑥先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。只用which的情况：①在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。②介词后。请看that和which的使用例句：It’s the best film that’s ever been made on the subject of madness. 这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had. 莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。（本句中先行词虽是人，但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰，仍用that较好）Take the first opportunity that offers. 抓住第一个出现的机会。He is the last person that one would suspect. 人们最不可能怀疑他。Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 只有人类具有语言的天赋。A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees. 一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。Those were the very words that he said at the meeting. 这些就是他在会上说的原话。All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并不都是金子。Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other’s presence. 有话最好当面说。There’s still much that is to be done. 仍然有很多事要做。I have changed my mind. Nothing that you say will change it. 我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake. 这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。Every paper that you read gives the same story. 你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。I still can’t forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation. 我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。2)关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别①关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。②分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。看如下对比例句：①This is the factory where my father once worked. 这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。（worked是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以不用which/that。where相当于in the factory）This is the factory which/that my father once worked in.（worked in的宾语是factory，故用关系代词which/that）②I will never forget the days which/that I spent in the wood near our village. 我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。（the days是spent的宾语）I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents. 我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。（spent的宾语是holidays，不是the days）I will never forget the small village where I spent my holidays. 我忘不了我度假的小村庄。（与上句一样，spent的宾语是my holidays）③Is this the school which/that you visited the other day? 这是你几天前参观过的学校吗？（the school作visited的宾语）Is this the school where you visited your teacher the other day? 这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗？（visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your teacher，所以不用that/which）3)those who和he who句型两个常用句型。He who常用于谚语中。请看例句：He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。God helps those who help themselves. 上帝帮助自强的人。He who insists on seeing with perfect clearness before he decides never decides. 坚持一切看清楚之后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。He was a bold man who first ate an oyster. 第一个吃牡蛎的人是勇敢的人。4)whose的用法whose是关系限定词，既可以指人也可以指物，即既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails. 运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。That's the man whose house has burned down. 那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now? 你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗？He’s written a book whose name I have completely forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我完全忘记了。Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。注：在正式文体中，指物时，whose往往用of which表示。of which可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后，而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：The house whose windows/of which the windows/the windows of which are broken is unoccupied.（那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。）whose前有时有介词。The teacher in whose class my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man. 我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。Michel Croz, with whose help, Woolworth climbed to the mountain top, was one of the prefessional guides. 米歇尔?克罗兹是职业向导之一，在他的帮助下伍德沃斯攀登到了山顶。Then we had a chance to talk with that tall man, from whose accent we at once knew that he came from Hunan Province. 后来我们有机会和那个高个子说话，我们从他的口音迅速知道他是个湖南人。5)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句是先行词（即被修饰词）不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，先行词所述对象仍很清楚，非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。这里有两个例句及分析：Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor. 想去野营的人请告诉班长。（定语从句who want to go camping在句中不可少，否则先行词those不知道指谁，也就变得无意义，因此它是限制性定语从句。）Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 足球风靡全世界，它是一项很有趣的运动。（定语从句which is a very interesting game只是对意义已很明确的football作一个补充说明，因此它是非限制性定语从句。）注意，非限制性定语从句可以用关系代词which, who, whom, whose, as及介词+which/whom等引导，也可以用关系副词when, where引导，但不能用that引导。另外，非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的。6)whom的用法只有作定语从句中的宾语时才能用whom；介词后用whom不用who。口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。My brother, whom you met the other day, has gone abroad. 前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟，出国去了。I have a few friends whom I could ring to see if they are free. 我有几个朋友，我可以打电话去联系，看看他们是不是有时间。You have many people around you who are kind to you but whom you will soon forget. 你周围有许多对你好的人，但你都会很快忘记他们。There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn’t know. 来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。7)介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候，有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面，这样就产生了“介词＋关系代词”及“名词或代词＋介词＋which/whom”或“复合介词＋which/whom”等的结构。I know the man to whom you talked just now. 我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。Life is a flower of which love is honey. 人生是花朵，爱情是花蜜。He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge. 当在当地的一所中学上学，此后就去上了剑桥大学。It’s a family of five children, all of whom are studying music. 这一家有五个孩子，他们都在学音乐。In the attic we found some apples, none of which was fit to eat. 在阁楼里我们发现了一些苹果，其中没有一个能吃的。I have three brothers, all of whom have gone abroad. 我有三个兄弟，他们都出国了。Soon they spotted a mountain, on top of which stood a temple. 不久他们发现了一座山，山顶上有一座庙宇。8)why引导的定语从句关系副词why用在reason之后，只引导限制性定语从句，why在从句中作状语，表示原因。Give me the reason why you should be interested in his affairs. 告诉我你为什么竟对他的事这样感兴趣。The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。That is the reason why he raised the question. 这就是他所以提出问题的原因。注意：有时reason后不一定是why引导的定语从句。如下列句子中，reason后接的是which/that引导的定语从句，这是因为，reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Is this the reason which/that the chairman gave at the meeting? 这就是主席在会上所给的理由吗？I really can’t understand the reason that/which he explained. 我实在无法理解他所解释的理由。9)where引导定语从句有时修饰一些具有抽象意义的表示地点的名词，如situation, point, position等等。If you are ever in a situation where someone starts shooting, drop to the ground. 如果你遇到有人要射击的情况就摔倒在地上。But after a few days’ stay they got to the point where they could read each other's thoughts. 不过呆了几天之后，他们到了一个彼此能理解相互想法的阶段。It got to the point where I couldn't remember any of the reasons I loved him. 到那时候，我无法记起我爱他的任何理由了。10)the way后的定语从句The way后的定语从句用in which引导，in which可以用that代替，而that又可以省略。所以，表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式：1. the way in which somebody does something 2. the way that somebody does something 3. the way somebody does something.11)which指代前面的句中的内容which的这一用法只能以非限定性定语从句出现。Jenny was late for school a third time during the week, which made her teacher very angry. 詹妮一周内第三次迟到了，这使得她老师很生气。?He left early, which was wise. 他早早地离开，那是很明智的。He suddenly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life. 他忽然变得富有了，这改变了他整个的生活方式。He often helps me with my lessons, which is kind of him. 他经常在功课方面帮助我，真是感谢他。12)which作关系限定词的情况which作为关系限定词时，其本身代替前面所陈述的内容。She asked me to see the doctor, which advice I took at once. 她要我去看医生，我立即采纳了她的建议。He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today. 他正在攻读经济学，这门知识在今天是非常重要的。He believes in students’ doing more homework, which idea I am quite opposed to. 他相信要让学生做更多的家庭作业，我非常反对这个观点。which的这种用法常伴随介词而用。常见的词组形式有by which means, during which time, in which case, for which mistake, for which reason等等。She may have missed the train, in which case (=if this happens) she won't arrive for another hour. 她也许没赶上火车，如果那样的话，她一小时是到不了的。I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize. 我叫错了他的名字，为此我道歉。He didn’t feel well that morning, for which reason he didn’t attend school. 那天早晨他感到不舒服，因此，他没去上学。Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. 汤姆在大学上了四年学，在这段时间里，他学会了法语。13)as用法关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。（1）as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句，as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾；as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。（2）用于as … as, the same … as, so … as, such … as等结构中。as用法的第一种情况：As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳旋转。He must be an African, as may be seen from the colour of his skin. 他准是个非洲人，这可以从他的肤色看得出来。If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, we’ll not receive him. 如果他再一次像以往那样迟到，我们就不接待他了。She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. 她是个很出色的歌唱家，像她的母亲当年一样。As you will find out, all is now settled. 你会发现，现在一切都解决了。Helen is somewhat crazy, as everyone could see. 海伦有些神经错乱，这种情况每个人都看得出。注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法相似，但as引导的定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“（正）像……、（正）如……”及类似的意思。一般说来，当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时，which和as可交替使用；当关系代词在从句中作一般动词（非be动词）的主语时，只能用which；as可置于句首、句中，而which则不能。例如：He was late for school, as/which was usual with him. 他上学迟到了，他经常这样。He saw the girl, as/which he had hoped (he would). 他见到了那位姑娘姑娘，正像他希望的那样。He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他见到了那位姑娘，这使得他很开心。（句中的which不能用as代替，因为从句中的delighted是非be动词）As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 正如上面所说的那样，语法不是一套死的规则。（句中的As不能用Which代替，因为此定语从句置于句首）as用法的第二种情况：There’s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it. 海里有的是鱼；天涯处处有芳草。Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. 这是一块没人能搬动的大石头。Her manner and attitude toward him were quite the same as they had always been. 她对他的举止和态度和往常是完全相同的。He does not possess such a mind as is necessary to a scientist. 他缺乏科学家所必须具备的头脑。Such food as they gave us was scarcely fit to eat. 他们给我们的食物很不适合吃。A man such as he will surely succeed. 像他这样的人是肯定会成功的。I haven’t much money but you can use such as I have. 我钱不多，可你能用我所有的钱。Such as you see is all we have. 你所见到的就是我们所有的东西。14)介词+whom/which + to do的类定语从句结构的不定式用法This is a useful tool with which to cut steel. 这是可以用来切割钢材的工具。Can you recommend someone from whom to learn how to use the software? 你能推荐一个可以向他讨教使用这一软件的人吗？It’s not a room in which to live comfortably. 这不是可以舒适居住的房间。这一结构的介词位置固定，不可移到动词之后，如第一句中的with which to cut steel不可改成which to cut stell with。15)嵌入式定语从句有一种定语从句，在其从句中的主语和谓语之间有一个插入语如I think。这一种定语从句叫做嵌入式定语从句。嵌入的分句的谓语动词常常是think, believe, guess, imagine, say, suppose, be sure, doubt等等。She offered a suggestion which she said would interest you. 她提出一个她说一定会引起你兴趣的建议。He wrote letters to every person and organization that he believed might be able to help. 他写信给每个人和每个组织，他相信可能有帮助。That is the engineer who I think is the right man chosen for the job. 那位就是我认为适合被选派做这项工作的工程师。 本回答被网友采纳

定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。

定语从句是什么东西，可以去看看吧，你自己看看你的

定语从句定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 一、 限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

先行词是人，就用that/who/whom引导，若是事物，就用that/which引导，若是地点，就用where引导。当先行词是事物，但句中有only/形容词副词最高级形式等词时只能用that不能用which.但若是引导非限定性定语从句，也就是代词前有逗号的，就只能用which了。where和who也可以引导非限定性定语从句。

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导 二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物 三、定语从句结构错误 1. 缺关系词 2. 从句中缺成分摘自《简明英语语法》 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别： 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。） 更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center . （此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。 The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句： The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。

英语语法在线教程（全）http://www.rrting.com/English/grammar/Index/ 名词 冠词和数词 代词 形容词和副词 动词 动名词 动词不定式 特殊词精讲 分词 独立主格 动词的时态 动词的语态 句子的种类 倒装 主谓一致 虚拟语气 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 连词 情态动词42

定语从句概要： （这是有关定语从句的精要介绍，涵盖了有关定语从句的各个方面，供参考：） 引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。 关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约： (1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物， (2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能， (3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。 在定语从句中充当的成分 ↓ 用于限定性或非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句 指人 指物 指人或指物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 谓语 whose whose (of which) That 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。 I know that he is a man who means what he says. I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一个守信用的人。】 The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy. The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。】 The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.（在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略。） The watch which was lost has been found. The watch that was lost has been found. 【丢了的表找到了。】 Here is the material which you need. (注：现代美语中不允许这样用) Here is the material that you need. Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在这儿了。】 You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是听你的话吧。 关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood. I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood. 我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。 I don’t know the reason why he did that. I don’t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他为什么这么做。】 当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时，或者先行词的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等词修饰时，或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时，一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句： I have explained everything that I can to you. I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。】 This is the most beautiful campus that I have ever been to. This is the most beautiful campus I have ever been to. 【这是我见到的最美丽的校园。】 That’s all that I know. That’s all I know. 【我知道的就是这些。】 Can you tell me something that you know? Can you tell something you know? 【你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗？】 There is nothing that I cannot tell you. There is nothing I cannot tell you. 【我没有什么不能告诉你的事情。】 The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. The first thing we should do is to work out a plan. 【我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。】 The last place that we visited was the farm. The last place we visited was the farm. 【我们最后参观的地方是农场。】 还有一种定语从句，它的结构是：the same ….. as…, such … as 这里的as 可以指人或物，这里的as 引导的是限定性定语从句： Such furniture as is very popular is expensive. 一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。 We have successfully done the same experiment as you did. 你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。 It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised. 这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑。 限定性定语从句与主句关系密切，为句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，主句意思就不完整了。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散，如果去掉了，主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般补逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。 His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. 他的讲话没完没了，真让人烦。 The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile. 将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。 非限定性定语从句中，先行词也可以是整个句子，一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句，which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，as 在从句中一般只充当主语，which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于：which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比较灵活，可以放在句子当中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。 As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease. Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all. Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all. 【众所周知，压力太大了，人会得病的。】 Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all. 【众所周知，水是由氢和氧组成的。】 关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom，而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末，则可以使用that来代替which或whom，这时的that可以省略。 This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. 这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。 One of my colleagues whom you are familiar with will come today. One of my colleagues that you are familiar with will come today. One of my colleagues you are familiar with will come today. 我的一个同事，就是你非常熟悉的那个人，今天要过来。

没有悬赏分，谁会详细解答？简单说一下，先看从句是否缺少成分，that 代人或物，which代物（不定代词只能用that）；有逗号，只用which（所谓的非限制性定语从句）；注意where，when，how这几个的特殊用法。。。。。。总的来说，如果你每个类型的题都做一遍，掌握了就ok了。（最好有个错题集） 本回答由网友推荐

请参照百度百科，或英文语法书。http://baike.baidu.com/view/56536.htm希望能够帮到你~

只能用that的情况：<1>关系代词在定语从句中作表语，不管是人或物只能用that。He is not the man that he was when I first saw him.【他现在不是我第一次见他时那样的。】<2>当先行词即指物又指人时，多用that引导定语从句。Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.【瞧正在过马路的那个女孩和那只狗。】<3>当先行词是有生命的动物或人时，宜使用that而不是which。1.What's the name of the animals that jumps about?【四处蹦跳的动物叫什么名字？】2.Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?【昨天和你说话的女孩儿是谁？】<4>当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that，而不能用which。This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.【这是我所读过的最有趣的书。】<5>当先行词被all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,much,the one,none等时，引导定语从句多用关系代词that。1.The goverment has promised to do all that lies in its power to alleviate the hardships of people.【政府承诺尽其一切力量减轻人民的苦难。】2.When we see anything that happen on the island, we're so glad.【当我们看到岛上发生的事情，我们都如此兴奋。】3.Tom told his father all that had happened.【汤姆把事情发生的全部情况都告诉了他的父亲。】4.Pay attention to everything that I do.【注意我做的每一件事。】5.The teacher wants to teach us all that he knows.【老师想把他知道的全部知识都交给我们。】6.You must do everything that I do.【我做的每件事你必须都做。】<6>当先行词被the only, the very, the first,the last,few,little,no,all,one of,the same等修饰时，须用关系代词that来引导。The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.【我们唯一能够做的就是给你一些钱。】<7>当主句中已有疑问词who或which时，要用关系代词that。Which is the bik e that you lost?【你丢失的自行车是哪辆？】只能用which的情况：<8>在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which（代物）”1.The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke.【他花了1000美元买下的画曾为一名公爵所拥有。】2.The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.【韩梅在里边学习的那幢大楼很旧。】<9>在非限定性定语从句中不能用that。Crusoe's dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.【克鲁索的狗，现在已经很老了，病死了。】<10>有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有which,另一个宜用that。相反，如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用which。1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.【爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。】2.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.【让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。】共同点：<11>当定语从句所修饰的先行词为物时，关系代词可用which或that。1.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions that/which were asked in English.【事实上Swede并不理解三个被提问到的英语问题。】2.Colour the birds which/that are flying.【给那些正在飞着的鸟上色。】3.The pen that/which I am using is quiet good.【我正在使用的那支钢笔相当好。】4.The film which/that we saw last night was wonderful!【昨晚我们看的那部影片真棒！】 本回答由提问者推荐