09月22日, 2014 118次
过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就…… had no sooner… than 刚…… 就…… He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 用一般过去时代替完成时 1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。形式had been + V-ing形式用法1. 过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系，可以用时间状语来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。例如：By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上个月为止，他们在这里工作大约有十天了。She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她说她放学后一直在听收音机。2. 过去完成时可以表示一个动作已经结束，但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。例如：It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨，街道仍然很湿。3. 像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻，通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。例如：She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 当她的同学来看她的时候，她学习有两个小时了。4. 过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别。过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。例如：I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 当她来看我时我正在写信。I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 当她来看我的时候，我已经写了两个小时的信了。5. 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的不同。过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 汤姆来时，他们刚吃过早饭。They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 汤姆来时，他们已经吃了十分钟的早饭了。 本回答由提问者推荐
过去完成进行时1. I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 2. She had only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去 ----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如： He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。 注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如： I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
前者是过去已经完成而且现在没有发生了, 后者是从以前开始发生且一直在进行. 在句子中你需要掌握句子意思,理解事情发生顺序即可判断.过去完成时与过去完成进行时都表过去某一时间已完成的表达,过去完成时强调结果,过去完成进行时强调过程及在那个某一时间点时以后可能还将持续,都表某一时间已完成,且过去完成进行只是可能还会持续.
2.had been making4.had repaired5.had been sitting 本回答由网友推荐
现完：have/has+过去分词。 过完：had+过去分词。现进：be+doing。 过进:were/was+doing 本回答由提问者推荐
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有明显的词语 更多追问追答 追答 过去进行时例如at that moment,while等词 过去完成时会有专门的词语你不用担心 现在进行时now,at the moment 追问 比如 追答 现在完成时无非就是since, since then