09月22日, 2014 154次
which用作从句，指代一件事或者一个事物，前面的主句结构完整，which补充修饰，比如 i know it is a apple，which belongs to xiaoming，这个which就是指苹果，而what一般是句子缺少某个结构采用，比如i do not know what it is
在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.第一部分：常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet.（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)小结:（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11. 一、名词性从句概说名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。 二、名词性从句的一般引导词1.连接词that 引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday.希望你假期过得好。That he likes you is very obvious.很显然他喜欢你。2.连接词whether 引导名词性从句也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。如He asked whether [if] I would show him the way.他问我是否可以给他带路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用if代替whether)3.连接代词who(m), whose, which, what等引导名词性从句时，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：That’s why she wanted to leave.这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesn't matter.什么时候到没有关系。Tell me which one you like best.告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。4.连接副词when, where, why, how等引导名词性从句，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：The question is how we should carry out the plan.问题是怎样执行这个计划。When she’ll be back depends much on the weather.她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。 三、名词性从句的重要引导词1.what用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如：I don’t know what you want.我不知道你想要什么。I don’t know what you want is this.我不知道你所想要的是这个。 2.what引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。如：I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。注：what后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：What friends she has are out of the country.她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what (little) help we could.我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。 3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如：Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：误：Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.正：Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论…”、“不管…”，其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如：Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)注：whoever 引导名词性从句时既用作主格也用作宾语；作宾语时不宜用 whomever，因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。 4. why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。如：I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了，因此我没来。I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来，那是因为我感冒了。
问题 主语从句的引导词是如何选择？主回答在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 本回答被网友采纳
which和what在宾语从句中同属连接代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语及定语。它们们二者最主要的区别在于本身意义的不同，which翻译成“哪个/件/条……"；what翻译成”什么“。而在具体用法上没有什么明显的区别，以下用例子证明。1.which引导的宾语从句，其本身在从句中所充当的成分。I don't know which bike belongs to my daughter.（做定语）我不知道那辆自行车是我女儿的。He asked me which I liked best.（做宾语）他问我喜欢哪本书。She wants to know which is the best.(做主语）她想知道哪个是最好的。2.what引导的宾语从句，其本身在从句中所充当的成分。I wonder what he does.（做宾语）我想知道他是做什么工作的。I don't know what happened.(做主语）综合比较之后，可以看出它们的区别主要是词义方面的。
which和what在宾语从句中同属连接代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语及定语。 它们们二者最主要的区别在于本身意义的不同,which翻译成“哪个/件/条……";what 翻译成”什么“。而在具体用法上没有什么明显的区别,以下用例子证明。 1.which引导的宾语从句,其本身在从句中所充当...”
1、I want to know what book you like to read. 2、I want to know whick book you like to read best of the three. 在上面这两句话种，可以很清楚的看到what ＆which的区别 what 没有范围 which 是在有范围之内的一种选择宾语从句 一、定义： 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句可以用连词that,连接代词who,whom,what,which；连接副词 how,when,where以及if和whether引起.连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分,if或whether表示疑问,而that没有意义仅起连接作用. 二、宾语从句的分类： 1． 作动词的宾语从句： 如：Everyone knows that he is a good student. He wondered how the pyramids were built. 2． 作介词宾语： 如：This depends on how hard you work. Is there anything wrong in what I said? 3． 作形容词的宾语： 如：They are confident that they can do the job well. I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time. 三：使用宾语从句要注意的问题： 1． 宾语从句引导词that的省略： 在非正式场合下,that在引导宾语从句时,可以省略. 如：I think (that) you are right. 2． 形式宾语it： 如果宾语从句后面跟有补语,要用形式宾语it来代替,而将从句放到补语的后面去.如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901. 3．宾语从句的时态呼应： 如果主句的谓语是过去时,宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整.但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念,其谓语时态仍用一般现在时. 如：He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. 4． 宾语从句否定意义的转移： 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所根的宾语中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句宾语变为肯定形式. 如：I don’t think he has time to play chess with you. I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet. 5．一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气： 一般说来,在一些表示坚持(insist),命令(order,command),建议(suggest,advise),要求(require,demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中,谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”（其中的should在美国英语中常省略,但是引导从句的that通常不省略）： 如：She suggested that we (should) leave early． He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane． 6．whether 与 if 引导介词宾语从句时,只能用 whether,不用if；与“or not”连用时,一般用whether,不用if. 如：I am interested in whether he'll go abroad． We don't know whether he will come or not． 7．宾语从句的语序 连接词后面为陈述语序. 如：I don’t know what your name is. 8．直接引语变为间接引语 间接引语的使用应注意选择合适的动词.陈述用say／tell,疑问用ask／wonder,而祈使用 tell／order,建议用advise／suggest.注意这些动词后面的结构和语气. 如：“Could you get some tea for me?” Mr．Blake said to his wife． →Mr. Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him. “Shall we go dancing tonight?”John said． →John suggested they should go dancing tonight. 状语从句 状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等.状语从句 都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号. 状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间,原因,条件,比较,结果,目的等类.下面我们拣重点 的一个一个来分析. 时间状语从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从 属连词引导的状语从句. 时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或 存在的状态. 如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 原因状语从句： because, since, as和for都表示原因.常常令我们不知该用哪个好.我们来 比较一下. because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因.当能够很明显的看出原因 或人们已知原因,就用as或since. 如：I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible. 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替.但如果不是说明直 接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for. 如：He is not here, because / for his mother is ill. 目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导.如： You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly. 结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导,要掌握和区分这两个句型, 首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词.such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修 饰形容词或副词.so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配. 如：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. 让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句. though, although 和 but不能同时使用. Although it rained, they had a good time. 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子. 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which,as . 关系副词有：when, where, why ,how . 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分.当关系代词做宾语时可以省略. 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句. 1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别： 1）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. c)多用who 的情况 ①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend . ②先行词为those , people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth . ③先行词为all, anyone , ones , one 指人时 One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work . ④在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you . ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German . ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词. The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard . There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does . 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which. All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that. He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water . c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.. The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin . d) 先行词既有人,又有物时. He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited . e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复. Who is the person that is standing at the gate . f)关系代词在从句中做表语 He is not the man that he used to be . 2 、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语. 1)when, where, why,how 关系副词when, where, why,how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? I’m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem . 注意： ①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词. 如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves . ②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面. Is this the book which (that) she was looking for ? 3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句 She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten . There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard . There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia . 4、 as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别： 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中. As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'的意思. As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 用法区别： (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可. As we all know , he never smokes . (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.. (3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect , think , suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时. She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected . (4)As 的用法 the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……. I should like to use the same tool as is used here . We should have such a dictionary as he is using .
which和what在宾语从句中同属连接代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语及定语。它们们二者最主要的区别在于本身意义的不同，which翻译成“哪个/件/条……"。what翻译成”什么“。在具体用法上没有什么明显的区别。which的意思是哪一个，后面还要接名词。宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当 语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 本回答被网友采纳
which的意思是哪一个，后面还要接名词。what相当于which接名词，意思是which是指，哪一个东西（后面的名词所指的事物。）what着有“所...”的意思，一般指比较抽象的概念的事物。例：I wanted to know which school it was you went to. 我想知道你上的是哪所学校。He drinks what is left in his glass. 他把杯子里所剩下的东西。
1、宾语从句中翻译不同：which和what在宾语从句中同属连接代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语及定语。在宾语从句中which翻译成“哪个/件/条……"；what翻译成”什么“。（1）He asked me which I liked best.（做宾语）他问我喜欢哪本书。（2）She wants to know which is the best.(做主语）她想知道哪个是最好的。2、泛指范围不同What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：What color do you like best? （所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围）你最喜爱哪一种颜色？3、定语从句中用法不同在定语从句中，只能用which，that当从句的主，宾，表，定，不能用,what。例：The thing which/that I want to sell is my house .我想卖的东西是我的房子。
定语从句：指人时常用which 和 who 而 what 则常用于指物首先你要区分从句的概念,定语从句不是名词性从句.名词性从句分为：主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句和表语从句.what可以引导名词性从句,在从句中可做主语、宾语、表语.which是关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语.引导定语从句的词分为关系代词（which,that,who,whom,whose,as）关系副词（when,where,why）,注意：没有what.简单点记吧：定语从句放在表示“事物”的名词后面,且关系代词在从句中充当句子成分,用which.如果不是定语从句,就考虑用what.做对外汉语教师是可以提高自己的外语口语的，但是需要持有一定的教学资质才可以任职。由国家人社部认证证书是国家级的最高资格证书，比起其他证书都更具有法律效益，在全国范围内有效，大量的对外汉语行业的热衷者，大学生，中青年在职者都学习并报考该证书。 本回答被网友采纳
含义不同，which 和 what 本身意思就不同
which可以引导定语从句，what 不可以。
He spent the whole day sitting beside the river but got nothing at the end of the day.
主语从句的定义就是引导的句子在复合句里面占主语成分，所以引导词引导的只能做主语啊，要不就不加主语从句了。做宾语又宾语从句，修饰限定名词有定语从句，做状语有状语从句。
可以
可以