09月22日, 2014 123次
1)英语国家风俗习惯.ppt-语言/文化-在线文档投稿赚钱网http://max.book118.com/html/2012/0602/2054960.shtm这份挺好的，就是页数有点多，你可以选几页，不过可能需要注册登录什么的，有点麻烦。2）美国风俗文化_百度文库http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=SzH1pWOD7ZpAur4p_UoiQ9BYUcAQXSd2hoUIErY6VRiBpzEn715rEmKemDmAbFX22FSjqVmtq5r32umNlG4xcIXdI72WUpt1Uri2DzHNs3C这份一般般，百度文库里还有一些，你可以再看看http://wenku.baidu.com/search?word=%D3%A2%C3%C0%B7%E7%CB%D7%CE%C4%BB%AF&lm=3&od=0&fr=top_home里面应该有你想要的3）英国传统风俗介绍 - 文化 - 道客巴巴http://www.doc88.com/p-4965905104980.html这份页数适中，但全是英语的，也要注册账号 本回答由提问者推荐
Meeting someone When meeting someone for the first time, it is customary to shake hands, both for men and for women. Hugs are only exchanged between close friends. Kissing is not common, and men never kiss other men. Americans will usually introduce themselves by their first name and last name (such as “Hello, I’m John Smith”), or, if the setting is very casual, by their first name only (“Hi, I’m John”). The common response when someone is introduced to you is “Pleased to meet you.” Unless someone is introduced to you with their title and last name (such as Mister Smith or Miss Johnson), you should address them by their first name. Americans normally address everyone they meet in a social or business setting by their first name. However, you should always address your college professors by their title and last name (such as Professor Jones), unless they ask you to do otherwise. Speaking on the telephone Americans normally answer the telephone by simply saying “Hello.” If you are calling a business, the person answering the phone will give the name of the business and usually their own name as well. If the person you would like to speak to has answered the phone, you should say hello and state your name. If not, you should ask for that person politely: “May I please speak with Andrew Brown?” The majority of Americans have answering machines in their homes. Also, the majority of businesses have voice mail accounts for their employees. When leaving a message, state your name clearly and leave a telephone number where you can be reached. Telephone messages should be brief and to the point. Eating out All restaurants in America accept cash for payment, and most (even some fast food restaurants) also accept credit cards. A few restaurants also accept ATM cards for payment. You will rarely find a restaurant that accepts checks. It is common to have to wait for a table at a popular restaurant. There are many popular restaurants that do not accept reservations, or will only accept reservations for large parties (for example, six or more people). At these restaurants, the wait can be very long on a weekend night, sometimes up to 1 hour. However, almost all upscale, or more formal, restaurants will accept reservations. Many restaurants in America (except for fast food restaurants) have a license to serve alcohol. Beer and wine are always available, and at some restaurants hard liquor (such as vodka or whisky) is also available. Restaurants that serve hard liquor are said to have “a full bar.” The drinking age in America is 21. If you look young, be prepared to show proof of your age when ordering alcohol. Tipping There are only a few situations where tipping is expected. The one you will encounter most often is at restaurants. American restaurants do not add a service charge to the bill. Therefore it is expected that the customer will leave a tip for the server. Common practice is to leave a tip that is equal to 15% of the total bill for acceptable service, and about 20% for superior service. If the service was unusually poor, then you could leave a smaller tip, about 10%. Other professions where tipping is expected include hairdressers, taxi drivers, hotel porters, parking valets, and bartenders. The general rule is to tip approximately 15% of the bill. In situations where there is no bill (as with hotel porters and parking valets), the tip may range from $1 to $5, depending on the type of establishment and on how good the service was. Smoking Smoking is not as common in America as in many other countries. Generally, Americans smoke less than Europeans and much less than Asians. It is a practice that is becoming less and less socially acceptable. Smoking is prohibited in many places. It is not allowed in any public buildings, on any public transportation (including airplane flights within the United States), in shops, movie theaters, schools, and office buildings. The general rule is if you are indoors, then you probably are not allowed to smoke. The exceptions are bars, nightclubs, and some restaurants. If a restaurant does allow smoking, it will only be in an area that is designated for smokers. If you are with someone, even outdoors, it is polite to ask if they mind before you start smoking. The legal smoking age in America is 18. If you are buying cigarettes (or another tobacco product) and you look young, the store clerk is required by law to ask you for proof of legal age. You should be prepared to provide identification. America is well-known for its equality, liberty, fraternity. Everyone is very friendly and informal. Children often call their parents by their first names and at work, subordinates do not normally use "Mister" when addressing their supervisors. To those visitors who come from a more rigid and stratified society, such casualness can be confusing, leading to egregious blunders. Conversely, many worldly, sophisticated Americans appear mortified because they feel America is not "civilized," with a capital "C." However, we know of terribly embarrassing incidents from mistakes which only an innocent foreigner would have made. • Public displays of affection between the sexes are very common, unlike perhaps where you have come from. In many cities, especially San Francisco, homosexuality is an accepted way of life. You may therefore see men being affectionate with men and women with women. If you disapprove of homosexuals because of your religious or cultural beliefs, please keep it to yourself. You might even find yourself a guest in a gay person's home-and might become shocked to realize that your host is a normal human being like any other and that you are actually enjoying his hospitality. Many couples also live together without being married-and may never marry. But you must realize their bond is probably as strong as the bond of marriage. So don't think one of them is available for a "date." • America is a notoriously "open" society, and to most foreigners Americans often appear exceptionally and "instantly" friendly. But sometimes such openness can lead to serious misunderstanding, especially between men and women. A casual invitation to have drinks and/or dinner does not mean that your American host also wants to become "intimate" with you afterwards. So be careful not to read too much into a friendly invitation 参考资料： http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/25381535.html?fr=qrl3 本回答由提问者推荐
Despite the openness of American society, Americans retain manymanners and customs that are common in the industrialized,"Western" world. There are also different regional customs andpractices. In addition, you'll probably run into people fromevery other country in the world, who keep their own customsalive. A good guide like Charlotte Ford's "Guide to Modern Manners"or Judith Martin's "Miss Manners' Guide for the Turn of theMillennium" is essential reading.Americans shake hands with each other when first introduced, orwhen they meet again, but rarely when they part (a more Europeancustom). Social kissing, as a greeting, is also sometimesacceptable between men and women who know each other well andbetween women. American men rarely embrace each other or kiss onboth cheeks. When two Americans are standing and talking to eachother they stay at least 16 inches away from each other.It is permissible for an American to start a conversation with astranger but the conversation should be immediately ended if theperson does not seem to want to talk. Be especially careful notto force your attention on someone in a plane, train or bus.If you meet someone you know on the street while you are withsomeone else, it is polite to introduce the person.If you are with a group of mainly English-speaking people and theconversation is going on in English, it is not polite to speak inyour own or another foreign language for more than a fewsentences. Whatever language you speak in, try to avoid swearwords. Of course, "dirty," "off-color," or sexually explicitstories or jokes should be avoided.If you are in a movie theater or at a concert or play, it is notpolite to talk during the performance, even in a whisper.SOCIAL EVENTS AND PARTIES These can pose bewildering problems for Americans and foreignersalike. You'll have to determine how formal the party or event is,what kind of food or drink will be served (if any), whether ornot a gift is expected, and, if so, what type of gift isappropriate.For some people and in some regions, "informal" means blue jeansand T-shirts. For some others, it can mean sports jackets andties. It pays to ask specific questions about how you shoulddress when someone invites you ("Do I need to wear a dress?jacket and tie?"). Even if informal clothing is in order, keepyour clothes clean. The phrase "formal" (also referred to as"Black Tie") means tuxedos for men and evening dresses for women.If you are invited to someone's home for dinner, you may bring asmall gift like a bottle of wine, candy or flowers. If there isno special occasion, a very expensive gift might embarrass thehost or hostess.Some parties are "pot luck" or "covered dish" affairs. The ideais that everybody brings something. Sometimes the person givingthe party will assign various types of food (breads, beverages,pasta, dessert) to different people to assure a variety. If aparty is given on a B.Y.O.B. basis (it means bring your ownbottle) you'll be expected to bring a beverage, often alcoholic.CARD AND GAME PARTIES are common in America. Bridge and poker arethe two most popular card games, usually played for money, thoughoften for very small amounts. Men's poker nights and women'sbridge nights on a regular or weekly basis are common (thoughmixed groups also play these games). Americans may also inviteyou to a get-together to play "parlor games" such as charades, orcommercial boxed games such as Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit orPictionary.In good weather Americans like to entertain outside, either inback-yard barbecues or at picnics. For any get-together, it isperfectly polite to ask "May I bring something?" Even if they say"no", bring something tasteful like a delicacy or a fine candy.Should you be asked to someone's birthday, retirement orgraduation celebration, just ask if gifts are going to be givento the person honored. Again, even if the answer is "no" you canbring something small and tasteful. When Americans give gifts,they often enclose a signed gift card.If you are invited to a wedding, a "bridal shower" or a "babyshower," you will be expected to bring a substantial gift. The"showers" are gift-giving events. If you need to buy a weddinggift, there is a peculiar and very practical American custom youshould know about: the "bridal registry." The couple to bemarried will register at a particular store, choosing thehousehold goods, china, silver and other items they would like.You can then contact that store and purchase one of the items,knowing all the time that you'll be getting the couple somethingthey really want, instead of their fourth automatic toaster. Anyetiquette book or a guide like Winifred Gray's "You and YourWedding" can give you valuable pointers as to what is appropriate.Whenever you are invited somewhere, try to find out in advancehow long the event will last. Don't overstay your welcome. It isalso important not to be late. If it is a large party not asit-down dinner party you might have flexibility of an hour ortwo as to when you may arrive.WHEN YOU ENTERTAIN Americans in your own home, treat them as theywould treat you. Offer them something to eat or drink. Offer totake their coats and hang them up somewhere properly and neatly.Take them on a short tour of your home and make sure they seewhere the toilets are located so they don't have to ask you whenthat critical moment arrives. Americans are often embarrassed toask.TABLE MANNERS are important in America, and may be different fromthose of your country. They are complicated, and you shouldconsult a good guide to etiquette for a complete view. Ingeneral, however, Americans try to eat neatly, without making alot of noise. If something on the table is out of their reach,they politely ask someone to pass it to them. Food should belifted up to the mouth. Do not bend over to eat it. Sit up asstraight as you can without being uncomfortable. Do not talk withyour mouth full.Table napkins are placed on your lap, folded in half if they arevery large. If you are in a small group, it is polite to wait tostart eating until the host sits down and begins. With largergroups, you may begin after noting that a few people have begun.You may also begin if the host urges you to.Use your fork, knife and spoon to eat your food. There are someexceptions, like lobster and corn on the cob, cookies, shrimp,and fried chicken and other foods. Better watch what other peopledo. If you do eat with your hands, don't lick your fingers toclean them. Use the napkin carefully. If you have to take foodout of your mouth, such as a pit or bone, do it carefully andquietly. It is not polite to pick your teeth at the table toremove trapped food. If you must do this before the end of themeal, excuse yourself and go to the restroom.MAKING CONVERSATIONAmericans can become fairly intimate and personal inconversation, though controversial subjects like religion andpolitics are often best avoided, at least until you get a goodidea of the views of the people you are talking to. An acceptedconversation starter is "What do you do?" meaning "What do you dofor a living?" "Do you have any brothers or sisters?" is also asafe question. Americans also love to talk about their children.Since Americans are not particularly open about the subject ofdeath, you will want to make sure a person's parents are alivebefore referring to them or asking about them. One of the mostuseful books ever published about the American art ofconversation is "How to Win Friends and Influence People," by DaleCarnegie. You can find it in any general interest bookstore inthe "Personal Growth" section. The recent books by E.D. Hirsch,"Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know" and "TheDictionary of Cultural Literacy," give a good guide to topics andreferences that will lead to success in conversing withwell-educated Americans.Americans can spend a great deal of time in casual socialcircumstances talking about astrology. You can be sure thatsooner or later you will be asked "What's your sign?" in afriendly manner. If you don't know your sign you can find it inany newspaper's astrology column. Even if you don't believe inastrology, it is often a good, non-controversial subject ofconversation among people who do not know each other well.Unless you know an American very well, it is not a good idea tocriticize American society, apparent social injustices, or waysof doing things. Americans usually think their way of doingthings is either the best way or the only way. They have littleexposure to or knowledge of other cultures. You might be 100%right in your criticism, but you won't get the point across tosomeone unwilling to consider it. In a social setting with peopleyou have just met, starting such a political argument isundiplomatic. With people you already know, you can take somechances with controversial subjects.POLITICSRemember this: Americans are not as politically involved orconcerned as many other nationalities, but they all havepolitical beliefs of some sort even if many of the beliefs aresimplistic. They get very upset when you criticize or questionthe things they believe in.If someone starts a conversation with you on a subject youconsider tactless, improper or offensive, it is best to try tochange the subject rather than making the problem worse by askingthe other person embarrassing or personal questions. Don't loweryourself to the other person's level.If someone pays you a compliment, do not protest or deny thetruth of the statement (as in many other cultures). Accept thecompliment graciously and with thanks.When invited into an American home and given a tour, complimentthe home and its furnishings. If the television or homeentertainment system is impressive, make sure to say so.Americans are very proud of these items. When shown the childrenof the house, either in person or with photographs, a politecompliment is also in order regardless of your personal reaction.SMOKINGAmericans get very excited about the issue of smoking, and it isnot a good idea to get Americans too excited about any particularissue. Smoking was highly acceptable a few decades ago, but nowsmokers are in a dwindling minority. Many states and localitieshave laws limiting the public areas in which people may smoke, ormandating non-smoking areas in restaurants. Cigarette advertisinghas been banned from radio and television for many years. Manytrains and airlines do not allow smoking at all. If you do smokeand are not sure whether it is legal or polite to smoke in apublic or private area, it is common American practice topolitely ask "Is smoking allowed?" or "Do you mind if I smoke?" Do not reach for your cigarettes while you are asking thesequestions. To be on the safe side, assume that it is not allright.If you smoke, be aware that you are a member of a minority thatis getting smaller every day. Americans who give up smoking areoften the loudest critics of the habit and the least tolerant.Successful businesses have sprung up to help people quit smoking,with many public service and health groups joining in on anon-profit basis. If you've ever thought of quitting, America isa good place to do it in. You'll find a great deal of sympathyand help.At dinner with others, it is NOT polite to smoke between courses.The proper time to smoke, if the practice is accepted at all, isduring coffee and dessert.A NOTE ON LITTERINGWhile many American cities are far from clean, you don't have toadd to the mess. It is not acceptable in America to throw trashinto the street or onto the sidewalk. Use a proper trashreceptacle. It is also not acceptable to spit, blow your nosewith your fingers or urinate on the street.RECYCLING of newspapers, cans, bottles, and all sorts ofpackaging and containers is widely practiced in America.Organized recycling is becoming more widespread as Americanconcern for the environment and the problems of waste disposalincreases. Because of the stress on recycling, household trashmust not only be disposed of neatly, but also in a way thatassures that recyclable materials are properly separated.
三个禁忌 不能加塞 英国人有排队的习惯。你可以看到他们一个挨一个地排队上公共汽车、火车或买报纸。加塞是一种令人不齿的行为。 不能问女士的年龄 英国人非常不喜欢谈论男人的工资和女人的年龄，甚至他家里的家具值多少钱，也是不该问的。如果你问了一位女士的年龄，也是很不合适的，因为她认为这是她自己的秘密，而且每个人都想永葆青春，没有比对中年妇女说一声“你看上去好年轻”更好的恭维了。毫无疑问，每个女士的发型、化妆和衣着都是为了让自己看起来更美丽、更年轻，但是如果她的打扮让人感到太刻意，那么别人就会带着非难的口吻说她“显得俗气”。 不能砍价 在英国购物，最忌讳的是砍价。英国人不喜欢讨价还价，认为这是很丢面子的事情。如果你购买的是一件贵重的艺术品或数量很大的商品时，你也需要小心地与卖方商定一个全部的价钱。英国人很少讨价还价，如果他们认为一件商品的价钱合适就买下，不合适就走开。 盥洗室与去“100号” 盥洗室一词的本意为洗手或洗脸的地方，但其实际含义则是厕所，英国人上厕所时不会直截了当地说“去上厕所”，在提醒别人时也是如此，都不直接提到“厕所”二字。如果你想要上厕所，可以说“去男人的房间”，或“去女人的房间”，也可以说“请原谅几分钟”或“我想洗手”等等。小孩子们想要大小便时便说“我要去那个地方”。在朋友之间和家庭内部，“100号”则是最常用的说法。 舞会上怎样不失礼 英国大型舞会一般在晚间10时左右开始。舞会可在私人家中或到饭店举行。主人邀请客人应事先寄送请柬，并注意邀请的客人男女数目要大致相当；如不等，可使男子多于女子。按照习惯，主人请人参加舞会，有时也设晚宴；有时光请跳舞而不设晚宴；而有的则请参加舞会的客人中少数人吃晚饭，饭后跳舞；其他人只能参加舞会而不能吃饭。所以，被邀请的人一定要看清请柬上的字样，以免使主人难堪。舞会上，主人备有夜宵，也可能只备些茶、咖啡和三明治等。参加舞会的客人服装要整齐，跳舞时男宾要轮流请女宾，其中有一次必须与女主人跳舞。男子与男子、女子与女子共舞是要被人笑话的。遇到重大喜庆节日，一个人如同时接到两份请柬，那么可参加一个舞会，提前退场后再赶另一个舞会，因为按习惯参加舞会的人可随来随走，不算失礼。 女士优先与绅士风度 在英国，尊重妇女是体现绅士风度的一个重要方面。女士优先是一个人人皆知的行为准则。 在通常情况下，英国人总是把女子放在优先考虑的地位。如男女一起进房间，男的要替女士开门。进房间或进餐馆大多是女子在前，除非男的必须在女士的前头去选餐桌、开车门或做其他效劳。在街上行走，或过马路时，男子要走在女士身旁靠来车方向的一侧。如果一个男子和两个女士一起走，他应当走在两者当中。如果男主人或女主人或者两者同坐一辆车来接客人去吃饭，客人应该挤在汽车的前座，让后座空着，因为司机就是男主人或女主人。在宴会上，主人把客人领进客厅时，如果客人是位女士，她进客厅时，厅中的大多数男子都要站起来以示敬意。如果女主人的女儿在，她要把客人给女儿作介绍。通常是把男士介绍给女士，除非他年长得多或地位高得多。一般的惯例是年轻的介绍给年长的。不管进入客厅的是男士还是女士，在客厅里就座的女士都不必起身为礼。宴会开始，男士们为女士们拉开椅子，帮女士入座。 有些英国人慨叹，在对待女士的礼遇方面，如今世风已不如以前。据说是因为妇女在选举、就业、 工资待遇和接受高等教育方面获得了与男人平等的权利，她们就不再需要以往的那种照顾了。看来，对女士的礼貌是出于男士觉得女士需要保护。 做客和餐桌上的礼节 如果你被邀请到别人家做客，就要考虎这样几个情况。比如，该在什么时候到主人家？如果不是谈正经事，只是个社交聚会，早到是不礼貌的。女主人正在做准备，她还没完全准备好你就到了，会使她感到非常尴尬。晚到10分钟最佳。晚到半小时就显得太迟了，需要向主人致歉。什么时候应该离开呢？这没什么规定，但在主人家坐得太晚是很不礼貌的。如果只是邀请你共进晚餐和聊天，那么你最好在10点至11点之间离开或者餐后1小时告别。如果你被邀请留下来住几天或度周末，在离开之前应特意买束花送给女主人，这会使她非常高兴。另外，离开后的第二天要发一封便函向主人致谢，并随附一件小礼品如一盒巧克力或一些鲜花等。 英国的饭菜简单，但是吃饭的规矩复杂。最主要的是坐直，学别人的样，吃饭的时候不准高高兴兴地问别人，并和别人不停地交谈。每个人不能把自己使用的匙子留在汤盆或咖啡杯或其他菜盘上。汤匙应放在汤盆的托碟上，咖啡匙要放在茶托上。喝汤时最好不弄出响声，并用匙的一侧从里往外舀，不能用匙头，更不能端着汤盆把盆底剩的汤全喝光。不论吃什么东西，都尽量别弄出声响，否则，就会被认为是不懂规矩。每餐一般只上一道主菜和沙拉，最后上一道甜食。如果客人没有吃饱，可向女主人夸赞她做的美味并再要点鸡、牛排或其他菜，女主人会多加一份菜给他，但从不再多加。不能在别人面前打饱嗝。端上咖啡时要就着杯子喝，咖啡匙要放在托盘上。不能在餐桌上抽烟。吃完饭，客人要将餐巾放在餐桌上，然后站起来。男士们要帮女士们挪开椅子。如果主人还要留客人再吃一顿饭，餐巾可按原来的折痕折好。餐后，客人要坐上一两个小时，然后向主人道别。还需注意的一点是，如果你住在别人家里，一定要问可以使用哪个厕所或电话，一般户主不喜欢别人用他们的私人厕所或电话。
A:(1).公元前地中海的伊比利亚人、比克人、凯尔特人，先后来到不列颠。公元1－5世纪大不列颠岛东南部为罗马帝国统治。罗马人撤走后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁人、萨克逊人、朱特人相继入侵并定居。7世纪开始形成封建制度，许多小国并成七个王国，争雄达200年之久，史称“盎格鲁—撒克逊时代”。829年威塞克斯国王爱格伯特统一了英格兰。8世纪末遭丹麦人侵袭，1016年至1042年为丹麦海盗帝国的一部分。其后经英王短期统治，1066年诺曼底公爵渡海征服英格兰。1215年约翰王被迫签署大宪章，王权遭抑制。1338年至1453年英法进行“百年战争”，英国先胜后败。1536年威尔士与英格兰合并。1588年击败西班牙“无敌舰队”，树立海上霸权。1640年英国在全球第一个爆发资产阶级革命，成为资产阶级革命的先驱。1649年5月19日宣布成立共和国。1660年王朝复辟，1668年发生“光荣革命”，确定了君主立宪制。1707年英格兰与苏格兰合并，1801年又与爱尔兰合并。18世纪后半叶至19世纪上半叶，成为世界上第一个完成工业革命的国家。19世纪是大英帝国的全盛时期，1914年占有的殖民地比本土大111倍，是第一殖民大国，自称“日不落帝国”。第一次世界大战后开始衰败。英国于1920年设立北爱兰郡，并于1921年至1922年允许爱尔兰南部脱离其统治，成立独立国家。1931年颁布威斯敏斯特法案，被迫承认其自治领在内政、外交上独立自主，大英帝国殖民体系从此动摇。第二次世界大战中英国经济实力大为削弱，政治地位下降。随着1947年印度和巴基斯坦的相继独立，到60年代，英帝国殖民体系瓦解。1973年1月英国加入欧洲共同体。 (2):宗教 在英国，每个人都享有宗教自由，因此，在英国各中心地区也形成了多种不同的宗教信仰蓬勃发展的局面。英国有两个“官方的”教堂：即英格兰教堂（英国圣公教会）和苏格兰教堂（长老教派），除此之外，各种不同的宗教和数不胜数的教派在英国都可以找到自己的代表。绝大多数的英国人都信奉基督教，尽管当前去教堂做礼拜的信徒人数并不多，每周大约只有110万人。穆斯林是英国国内最大的非基督教团体（超过150万人），此外，印度教、锡克教和犹太教也拥有大量的信徒，而且数量还在不断增长。悠远而多元化的宗教历史在英国的另一个产物就是遍布英国各地令人叹为观止的教堂、寺院和修道院建筑。格拉斯敦伯雷修道院，是以往凯尔特举行宗教活动的地方，曾经在亚瑟王的传奇故事中扮演过重要的角色；坎特伯雷大教堂的戏剧色彩也非常浓厚，相传圣奥古斯汀于公元597年从罗马来到英国传福音，五年之后，他主持修建了坎特伯雷大教堂。有很多个性鲜明的历史人物都脱胎于英国的宗教历史，其中包括在英国发动新教改革的亨利八世、充满神秘色彩的圣帕特里克，现在每年世界各地都庆祝他的节日；以及大名鼎鼎的罗宾汉传奇故事中十二世纪时的狮心王里察德等等。博物馆与美术馆 当今的一代和他们的后代子孙很幸运，因为英国长期以来在不断地收集艺术品，并将其登录造册。英国为数众多的博物馆和美术馆所珍藏、展示的各种各样的文物，成为人们了解古今中外的艺术、文化和历史知识的一个举世罕见的宝库。英国的博物馆包括各主要的国家级收藏机构以及约1000个独立的博物馆，其中近800个博物馆由当地政府提供赞助。位于伦敦的大英博物馆是英国收藏文物数量最多的机构，几乎各种主要的学科都可以在这里找到取之不尽的知识源泉。同时，其对外展示的数千件珍贵文物中还包括了来自古埃及、古亚述王国和古希腊的艺术珍品，是一个不折不扣的艺术宝库。大英博物馆还举办各种专题展览和展示，并提供各种类型的参观向导服务。此外，大英博物馆新近完工的庭院和穹顶本身就是杰出的艺术作品。另外一个非常吸引人的去处就是国家科学与工业博物馆，它包括科学博物馆及其在各个区域的分支机构、约克郡的国家铁路博物馆和设于布莱德福特的国家摄影、电影和电视博物馆。苏格兰国家博物馆和国家美术馆同样收藏了大量丰富的艺术品。新建成的苏格兰博物馆致力于收藏与国家历史相关的文物，凭借其富于想象力的展品陈列很快就声名鹊起。苏格兰其它的博物馆都是专题博物馆，其中包括飞行博物馆、服装博物馆、战争博物馆以及农业博物馆等等。位于卡迪夫（CARDIFF）的威尔士国家博物馆和北爱尔兰美术馆的藏品中不仅包括各种艺术精品，同时还收藏了很多代表本地区文化的艺术品和文物。英国的独立博物馆和美术馆进行收藏、展示的主题极其丰富，其中甚至还包括一个为热心打理草坪的人士而提供的割草机博物馆。在英国，包括伦敦、伯明翰、考文垂、曼彻斯特、伊普斯威奇、格兰扁和贝尔法斯特等很多城市都建有以运输史为主题的专题博物馆，同时还展出很多二十世纪的老式汽车。不过，在英国，以令人惊叹不已的航空史为主题的专题博物馆数量更多。新闻出版英国报纸的人均销量比任何发达国家的都多。全国共有约1350种报纸，7000种周刊和杂志：《每日快报》、《每日邮报》、《每日镜报》、《每日星报》、《太阳报》、《金融时报》、《每日电讯报》、《卫报》、《独立报》、《泰晤士报》、《世界新闻》、《星期日快报》、《星期日镜报》、《星期日邮报》、《人民报》、《星期日电讯报》、《观察家报》和《星期日泰晤士报》。通讯社主要有3家：（1）路透社：1850年成立，集体合营，世界重要通讯社之一，总部设在伦敦。（2）新闻联合社：1868年创办，由PA新闻、PA体育、PA检索和PA数据设计4家公司联合经营，专门为英国和加拿大的企业提供公关和投资信息。（3）AFX新闻有限公司：由法新社与金融时报联合经营，向欧洲的金融及企业界提供信息和服务，在欧洲12个国家、美国及日本设立分支机构，总部在伦敦。英国广播公司（无线电广播网）（BBC Network Radio）于1922年创办。 节日1. New Year\'s Day(元旦),每年1月1日庆祝新的一年开始。人们举办各种各样的新年晚会,女王发表新年祝辞,各种教堂在除夕夜都做守岁礼拜。 2. St. Valentine\'s Day(情人节),每年2月14日,是3世纪殉教的圣徒圣华伦泰逝世纪念日。情人们在这一天互赠礼物,故称“情人节”。 3. St. Patrick\'s Day(圣帕特里克节),每年3月17日,是悼念爱尔兰的守护神圣帕特里克的节日。 4. Holy Saturday(圣星期六),是Easter的前一天。 5. Easter(复活节),一般在每年春分后月圆第一个星期天,约在3月21日左右。该节日是庆祝基督(Jesus Christ)的复活,过节时人们多吃复活节彩蛋(Easter eggs)。 6. Easter Monday(复活节次日),是Easter的第二天。 7. Good Friday(耶稣受难日),复活节前的星期五,教堂举行仪式纪念耶稣受难。在英国这一天是公假,人们吃传统的热十字糕(hot cross buns)。 8. Ascension Day(耶稣升天节),是Easter第40天之后的星期四,也称为Holy Thursday。 9. Pentecost(圣灵降临日),是Easter后的第7个星期天,也称为White Sunday。 10. April Fool\'s Day(愚人节),每年4月1日,该节日出自于庆祝“春分点”(vernal equinox)的来临,在4月1日受到恶作剧愚弄的人称为“四月愚人”(April Fools)。 11. Queen’s Birthday(女王诞辰日),每年4月21日,该节日是庆祝女王的诞辰。 12. May Day(五月节),每年5月1日,该节日是迎接春天的祭典。 13. Commonwealth Day(英联邦纪念日),每年5月24日,该节日出自于庆祝维多利亚女王的生日。 14. Queen’s Official Birthday(女王法定诞辰日),英国在6月10日或前一个星期六放假,以取代4月21日女王的生日。 15. Michaelmas (米迦勒节),每年9月29日。 16. Hallowe’en (万圣节前夕),每年10月31日,孩子们化装成鬼尽情嬉笑、玩耍、吓唬别人。 17. All Saints’Day (万圣节,或众信徒日),每年11月1日,该节日是纪念殉教者之灵。 18. Guy Fakes Day (烟火节),时间为每年的11月5日,为纪念火药阴谋案(Gunpowder Plot)举行的群众性庆祝活动。现在此事件的历史意义已经淡忘,当晚的活动实际已变成篝火夜或烟火狂欢节。 19. Christmas Day (圣诞节),每年的12月25日,基督徒庆祝耶稣诞生的日子,是英国最大的节日。圣诞期间人们不仅能经常看到圣诞老人(Santa Claus或Father Christmas),而且还能吃到圣诞正餐(Christmas dinner)和圣诞布丁(Christmas Pudding),亲手装饰圣诞树,尽情欢度圣诞夜。 20. Childermas (婴儿殉教日),每年的12月28日, 纪念殉教幼儿的日子,也称Holy Innocents’Day。B(!):殖民时期以前（1607以前）在两万多年前，有一批来自亚洲的流浪者，经由北美到中南美洲，这些人就是印第安人的祖先。当哥伦布发现新大陆时，居住在美洲的印第安人， 约有2,000万，其中有大约100万人住在现在的加拿大和美国中北部， 其余绝大部分住在现在的墨西哥和美国南部。 大约1万年前，又有另一批亚洲人， 移居到北美北部，这是后来的爱斯基摩人。而最早到美洲的白种人大概是维京人，他们是一群喜好冒险的捕渔人，有人认为他们在1,000年前曾到过北美东海岸。殖民时期（1607-1753）1607年，一个约一百人的殖民团体， 在乞沙比克海滩建立了詹姆士镇，这是英国在北美所建的第一个永久性殖民地， 在以后150年中，陆续涌来了许多的殖民者，定居于沿岸地区，其中大部分来自英国，也有一部分来自法国、德国、荷兰、爱尔兰和其他国家。18世纪中叶，13个英国殖民地逐渐形成， 他们在英国的最高主权下有各自的政府和议会。这13个殖民区因气候和地理环境的差异，造成了各地经济形态、政治制度与观念上的差别。独立运动（1754-1783）18世纪中叶，英国在美洲的殖民地与英国之间，已有了裂痕。殖民地的扩张，使他们产生某种自觉，自觉到英国的迫害，而萌生独立的念头。1774年，来自12州的代表聚集在费城，召开所谓第一次大陆会议，希望能寻出一条合理的途径，与英国和平解决问题。然而英王却坚持殖民地必须无条件臣服于英王，并接受处分。1775年，在马萨诸塞州点燃战火；5月，召开第二次大陆会议，坚定了战争与独立的决心，并发表著名的《独立宣言》，提出充分的理由来打这场仗，这也是最后致胜的要素。1781年，美军赢得决定性的胜利；1783年，美英签定《巴黎条约》，结束了独立战争。 组成新政府（1784-1819）革命的成功，使美国人民有了以立法形式表达他们政治观念的机会。1787年，在费城举行联邦会议，会中华盛顿被推为主席，他们采取一项原则，即中央的权力是一般性的，但必须有审慎的规定和说明，同时，他们也接受一项事实，那就是全国性政府必须有税收、铸造货币、调整商业、宣战及缔结条约的权力。此外，为了防止中央权力过大，而采取孟德斯鸠的均权政治学说，即政府中设置三个平等合作与制衡的部门，即立法、行政、司法三种权力相互调和，制衡而不使任何一权占控制地位。 向西扩张（1820-1849）19世纪初期，数以千计的人，越过阿帕拉契山，向西移动。有些开拓者，移居到美国的边界，甚至深入属于墨西哥的领地、以及介于阿拉斯加与加利福尼亚的俄勒冈。开拓者勇敢、勤奋地向西寻求更好的生活。 南北战争（1850-1869）引起南北战争的原因，不单是经济上、政治上、军事上的问题，还包括了思想上的冲突。内战暴露了美国的弱点。对这个国家的存在，作了一番考验。经过了这次考验， 美国才步向一个中央集权化之现代国家的坦途。南北之间，为奴隶问题而起争执，南方在全国政治上的主要方针，就在保护和扩大“棉花与奴隶”制度所代表的利益；而北部各州，主要是制造业、商业和金融的中心，这些生产无需依赖奴隶，这种经济上和政治上的冲突都是由来已久的。1860年代初期，11个南方的州脱离联邦，另组政府，北方则表示，为了统一将不惜付出任何代价。1861年，内战爆发了，这场美国人面对面的流血战，打了四年，南方遭到严重的破坏，而且留下深深的伤痕。1865年，北方战胜了，这项胜利不但显示美国恢复统一，而且从此全国各地不再施行奴隶制度。 工业化与改革（1870-1929）19世纪初期，美国开始工业化，而内战之后则步入成熟阶段。在从内战至第一次世界大战的不到50年时间内，美国从一个农村化的共和国变成了城市化的国家。机器代替了手工，产品大量增加。全国性的铁道网，增进了货品流通。应大众的需要，许多新发明应市了。银行业提供贷款，促成工商业经营的扩大。故从1890到1917年的近30年间被称为所谓“进步时期”。1914年，世界大战爆发；1917年，美国被卷入大战漩涡中，并且在世界上尝试扮演新的角色。1930年开始的经济大萧条，影响的不只是美国，世界各国都受到它的打击，经济大恐慌，使上百万的工人失业，大批的农人被迫放弃耕地，工厂商店关门，银行倒闭，一片萧条。1932年，罗斯福当选总统。他主张政府应拿出行动来结束经济大萧条，新政府虽然解决了许多的困难，但美国的经济还是要到第二次世界大战才苏醒起来。第二次世界大战之后，随着轴心国的战败、英法实力的衰退，美国和苏联成为了超级大国，世界被分成了东西方两大阵营。美苏及其各自阵营分别在军事、政治、经济、宣传各方面加紧准备，一如战时。这种状态，被称为“冷战”。 1976年，美国建国200周年，全国举行各项庆祝活动。美国在冷战中最终拖垮了苏联，1991年，随着苏联的解体，美国成为世界上唯一的超级大国，世界两大阵营之间意识形态的壁垒也被打破了。在日新月异的人类发展史中，美国将展开新的一页。(2):美国文化早期的移民把欧洲文化带到美国. 很快地, 这些文化遍及美国各地. 时至今日, 美国已经成为世界文化的主流之一. 许多的美国艺术家们对于发展新的风格, 新的自我表现方式, 甚至新的文化型式都作出巨大的贡献.文学[编辑本段]美国的文学被翻译为世界各种语言. 早在美国历史初期, 美国就产生了许多杰出的作家. 最早的古柏 James Fenimore Cooper, 霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne, 以及欧文 Washington Irving 描写出一个年轻并且不断成长的美国. 后来, 梅尔维尔 Herman Melville 写出有关海洋的小说以探讨道德问题. 马克·叶法国则表现了密西西比河上生活的情趣与幽默. 7个美国人曾经获得诺贝尔文学奖: 剧作家尤金·欧尼尔与小说家索尔拜娄 Saul Bellow、赛珍珠、福克纳、海明威、辛克莱·路易士 Sinclair Lewis以及史坦贝克. 绘画[编辑本段]1913年, 一个现代艺术的展览会在纽约市的兵工大厦举行. 这个兵工大厦画展大大改革了美国艺术, 一群写实主义的画家们开了这个画展, 以抗议那些拒绝陈列他们作品的保守画廊. 这个展览同时也展出欧洲艺术家的作品, 这些抽象作品极具吸引力, 群众们觉得现代的欧洲艺术是可以被了解的、或者说是够吓人的；而美国艺术家们则发现它们很富刺激. 于是许多美国画家开始采取欧洲的风格,三十年代的一些画家, 如葛兰特伍德 Grant Wood等, 都是只描绘他们自己家乡的地域主义者. 然而到了四十年代, 许多画家哈佩 Edward Hopper 之类, 都属写实主义派画家. 抽象艺术则是在五十年代才确立它的地位. 今天, 美国的画家们仍然不断地尝试新风格. 举例而言, 普普艺术(意即风行普遍, 或者是因为看来像海报, 或是利用喜剧式的线条), 首次出现在五十年代. 而在六十年代, 引人注意的则是那些视觉幻像的图画——欧普艺术. 建筑[编辑本段]在美国的早期历史中, 建筑一直是呈现美国风貌的. 19世纪末, 苏利文 Louis Sullivan 设计出摩天大楼. 而怀特 Frank Lloyd Wright的想像力也影响世界各地的建筑师. 今天, 更多的美国建筑师利用钢筋、玻璃以及混凝土设计出宏伟、出色的建筑物. 雕塑[编辑本段]美国的雕塑在20世纪前, 一直受到欧洲风格的影响. 圣高登Augustus Saint-Gaudens 是19世纪能在其作品表现出真正想像力的美国雕塑家. 今日, 美国雕塑完全是一种个人的表现, 它以各种不同的形式出现, 而且材料包罗万象. 举例来说, 德维森 Jo Davidson是以他为名人雕塑栩栩如生的青铜像而出名. 史坦其卫兹Richard Stankiewicz则是以金属原料焊接成的雕塑创造出惊人的抽象作品. 舞蹈[编辑本段]舞蹈在美国反映出美国人不断求变的欲望, 以及他们对新奇事物的喜好. 一些如萧恩和丹尼斯等著名的舞者, 并且不断地在传统舞蹈中引入新生命及新的形式, 因而协助创出现代舞. 透过对自然性舞步与动作的强调, 美国人也以新的方式表现古典芭蕾. 歌剧大部分是根据民间文学、传奇及历史改编而来. 比如像道格拉斯·莫尔 Douglas Moore的"宝贝朵之歌"Ballad of Baby Doz 讲述的就是一个科罗拉多州大银王的兴衰. 第一出成功的美国歌剧是格什温 George Gershwin 伟大的民谣歌剧"波奇与贝茜" Porgy and Bess, 它是1935年在纽约上演的. 电影[编辑本段]美国人在默片时代中, 首先把电影当作一种艺术表达形式. 从那时开始, 电影成了一种为全世界千百万人提供的最佳娱乐. 从默片时代开始, 电影演员就一 直是国际间的名人, 而卓别林更是世界上最早最有名的电影明星之一. 音乐20世纪初期, 美国作曲家开始发展美国的音乐风格. 他们很快地得到世界承认. 指挥、作曲家伯恩斯坦 Leonard Bernstein 与钢琴家化滋 Andre Watts都跻身今日美国乐坛的领导人士之列. 爵士乐, 则是由美国人创造出来的. 在这方面著名的演艺者有爵士乐家吉勒斯皮 Dizzy Gillospie等人. 概要[编辑本段]美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值，追求民主自由，崇尚开拓和竞争，讲求理性和实用，其核心是个人中心主义：个人至上、私欲至上、追求个人利益和个人享受，强调通过个人奋斗、个人自我设计，追求个人价值的最终实现。这种刻意塑造自我，追求个性化的个人主义有其积极的一面，也有消极的一面。它调动了个人的积极性，使许多人的智慧和潜力得以充分发挥，从而促进整个民族与国家的振兴和发展。然而，人人以我为中心，人际关系就难以融洽，整个社会也会缺乏凝聚力。 美国公众注重成就，仰慕英雄，有深厚的成就崇拜和英雄崇拜的心理积淀。个人成就是所有美国人价值观中评价最高的价值之一。美国人有很强的成就(或成功)意识。成功是所有美国人的追求，是诱人的前景，前进的动力。他们坚信，一个人的价值就等于他在事业上的成就。一些事业有成的企业家、科学家、艺术家和各类明星，成了新时代的英雄。他们个人奋斗的过程和结果，成了社会文化价值取向的参照系，父母教育子女的活教材。 美国是流动性很大的社会。这种流动体现在两个方面：地域性流动和社会性流动。美国相对的开放自由、发达的交通和冒险好动的传统使许多美国人从乡村流到城市，又从市中心流向郊区；从北方流到南方阳光地带，从一个城市流到另一个城市。美国社会阶级不像欧洲国家那样固定，加上公共教育的普及，使沿着社会阶梯向上流动成为可能。许多生活在美国的人，无论是土生土长的美国人，还是漂洋过海来到美国的外国移民，都有一个梦，即通过自己的努力，改变自己的社会地位，实现自己的人生梦想，这就是人们常津津乐道的“美国梦”。 参考资料： http://baike.baidu.com/view/3565.htm#7 http://baike.baidu.com/view/2398.htm#7
英国的传统文化特点：浓厚的宗教色彩。英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。在英国，人人都有信仰宗教的权利，社会和政府不得干涉。他人可以随意改变宗教信仰，可以在布道，礼拜和仪式中表明他的信仰。贵族等级制。英国社会一直存在着明显的等级区分，贵族等级制一直在英国有举足轻重的影响，以至在资产阶级革命后的一百多年依然被称为“贵族的世纪”。自由主义文化。在英国，时常看到一些学生做出放浪形骸的举动，比如他们晚上会在路边席地而坐，喝酒交谈，比如他们会走着走着就发出肆无忌惮的笑声。崇尚的传统文化英国历史演变的一个重要特点是其文化传统有较大的连贯性，这种连贯性必然导致英国人坚持一种传统观，即崇尚过去的智慧和成就，崇尚蕴涵传统的制度和生活方式。英国的重要节日一April Fools Day(愚人节）二Hallowe'en（万圣节）三Christmas（圣诞节）四 New Year's Day(元旦）五Valentine's Day(情人节）六Easter（复活节）七Christmas Eve（平安夜）扩展资料：英国的饮食文化饮食文化传统的英国人非常重视餐桌上的礼仪 懂得这些得人被视为有教养的人 细节很多 在这里就简略的解释一下 剩下的需要在实践中体会与英国人交流中学习。刀叉的摆置用餐中为八字形，如果在用餐中途暂时休息片刻，可将刀叉分放盘中，刀头与叉尖相对成“一”字形或“八”字形，刀叉朝向自己，表示还是继续吃。刀叉的拿法两只一组使用刀、叉为正式的用法，右手拿刀，左手拿叉，与筷子同样的是以两只为一组。刀用来切割食物，叉用于送食物入口。刀叉的用法刀叉有不同规格，按照用途不同，其尺寸的大小也有区别。吃肉时，不管是否要用刀切，都要使用大号的刀。吃沙拉、甜食或一些开胃小菜时，要用中号刀，叉或勺一般随刀的大小而变。参考资料：百度百科-英国文化
小费礼仪：传说，小费最初出现于18世纪的英国，当时，在饭店的餐桌上，摆有一只标有“保证迅速服务”的小碗。顾客一旦将零钱投入其中，便会得到侍者迅速而周到的服务。此后，这种做法渐渐扩展到其他服务行业，并迅速延续下来，成为世界上许多国家约定俗成的感谢服务人员周到服务的一种常规礼仪形式。 Tip etiquette：Legend has it that the tip first appeared in the 18th century in the United Kingdom. At the time, there was a small bowl marked "ensure rapid service" on the dining table of the hotel. Once the customer has put the change into it, the waiter will get a quick and considerate service. Since then, this practice has gradually expanded to other service industries and has rapidly continued to become a common form of etiquette in many countries around the world to thank service personnel for their considerate service.扩展资料：小费金额：国际上通用的计算小费的方法之一就是：小费通常由消费者按照本人的消费总额的一定比例来支付。总体原则就是，您需要给付的小费金额，一般在您总消费额的10%－20%之间。参考资料：CCTV—小费礼仪 本回答被网友采纳
一、The characteristics of the British.一、英国人的特征1.The British are friendly, enthusiastic and some what arrogant.The British are honest, honest,and have a sense of humor.英国人友好，热情，也多少有一点傲慢。英国人 诚实，厚道，不乏有一定的幽默感。2.Punctuality, punctuality and formal etiquett, should be paid more attention to in formal social occasions.比较准时守约，讲究礼节，在正式社交场合特别 注重服饰3.Men pay attention to "gentlemanly manners", and British women strictly adhere to the "age secret". "Ladies first" has become a fashion in Britain.男人讲究"绅士风度"，英国女人严守"年龄秘密"。"女士优先"在英国已成为风气。4.People do not want to reveal their hearts easily, nor do they want to inquire about other people's privacy.愿轻易吐露心扉，也无意打听别人的隐私，以"不 管闲事"著称。5.The British do not appreciate tasty and are not good at cooking, but they are fastidious about table manners.英国人不欣赏美味，不善于烹调，但却讲究席间 礼仪。6.Pets are very fond of animals, such as horses, dogs, cats, birds and so on.There is "love I love my dog" theory.颇爱宠物，对马、狗、猫、鸟等动物感情很深。有"爱我就爱我的狗"之说。7.Weather is a frequent topic in the English speaking world.天气是英国人经常的话题。8.The English have the habit of tipping.英国人有付小费的习惯。二、British daily life habitsBritons, especially the English, have a reputation for hiding their feelings and keeping their manners in public.不列颠人特别是英国人有隐藏他们感情和在公共场合举止保守的名声。2.This generalization has some factual basis, but it can not be applied to a nation of 56 million people. 这种概括有一定的事实基础，但是不能应用到一 个拥有5600万人口的民族身上。3.Scottish people, Welsh and Northern Ireland felt that they should not get that view.苏格兰人、威尔士和北爱尔兰人就觉得他们不该 得到这种看法。4.There are also striking religious differences in England, where people in the North seem more natural and open than those in London and the southeast. 英格兰也有鲜明的宗教差异，英国北部的人显得 比伦敦和东南部的人更加自然和开放。5.Overseas tourists see some aspects of British life as a typical British life. 海外游者把看到的不列颠生活的某些方面当成了 典型的不列颠生活。6.In public transport vehicles, people do not speak to other passengers. People don't hug at parties. They often just shake hands when they meet for the first time.如在公共交通车上，人们不跟其他乘客讲话。聚 会时人们不拥抱，第一次见面经常只是握手。7.In theaters, concert halls and cinemas, audiences remain quiet. If tourists begin to talk voluntarily, they will find that Britons are helpful and considerate. 戏院、音乐厅和电影院里，演出当中观众保持安 静。如果游客主动开始谈话，将发现不列颠人是 乐于助人和体贴的。8.Compared with other cultures, British people behave naturally in some ways.相对于其他文化来说，不列颠人举止的某些方面 便显得自然亲切。9.One example is when people in different positions at work do not address their positions, and they call each other casualty.一个例子是工作上在地位不同的同事中，不称呼 职务，人们很随便地相互叫名字。10.The British often entertain visitors at home, but it is inappropriate not to make a phone call without knowing whether it is convenient to make a sudden visit unless you are particularly familiar with your friends.10.英国人经常在家里待客，但是除非你与朋友特 别熟悉，不然连一个电话也不打，不弄清做客是 否方便而突然拜访是不合适的。7.If you accept an invitation to dine in a home, it can be considered a very formal appointment11.如果接受了在某人家里用餐的邀请，这会被认为是很正式的约会。8.If you don't go then, it will be considered impolite. 8.如果到时候不去将被认为是不礼貌的，9.If you really want to cancel the invitation, make sure the host knows as soon as possible before preparing. 9.如果你真得想取消邀请，一定要让主人在做准备 之前尽快地知道。10.If something is not eaten by oneself, we must let the owner know in advance, so as to avoid the embarrassment of that day.10.如果有些东西自己不吃，一定要事先让主人知 道，以免当天的尴尬。11.Whether it's just a meal or a longer dinner, it's customary to bring a small gift to the host -- such as flowers, chocolate or a small bottle of wine.11.不管是仅仅吃一顿饭还是更长的做客，习惯上都要给主人带件小礼物--比如鲜花、巧克力或一小瓶酒。12.If you live with a British family, be cautious at all times. 12.如果你与一户不列颠家庭住在一起，随时都要保持谨慎。13.Be punctual for meals. If you need to cancel a meal, you must notify the host beforehand.13.做到准时吃饭，如果需要取消一顿饭，一定事先通知主人。14.Keep the room tidy; let the host know you're going out late to get home so they don't worry about you.14.保持房间整洁；让主人知道你外出要很晚回来，使他们不为你担心。15.If you offer to help with the housework, you offer is usually rejected, but still let the host thank you sincerely.15.如果你提议帮助干家务活，通常你的提议被拒 绝，但仍然让主人由衷感谢。16.Breakfast is either a toast or a cereal, or a well-made breakfast with eggs, bacon, sausages and tomatoes.16.不列颠人的用餐时间都遵循固定的模式，早餐是 土司砚或谷类食品，也可以是很讲究地做的早餐，有鸡蛋、熏猪肉、香肠和西红柿。17.Lunch, also known as lunch or dinner, is usually very simple except for a barbecue on Sunday with bony leg meat.17.中饭，也被叫做午饭或正餐，除了星期天人们要吃一顿用带骨头的腿肉烤成的烤肉外，平时很简单。18.If a family member is working or studying, lunch is not usually eaten at home. 18.如果家庭成员在工作或学习，午餐一般不在家里吃。19.Dinner is usually a daily meal, also known as dinner or tea, if invited to someone' home.Quot;" tea ", it is likely that you will have to eat food, not just drink a cup of tea.19.晚饭一般是每天的正餐，也叫做正餐或茶，如果 被邀请去某人家里，“茶"，很可能你得吃食物，而不仅仅是喝一杯茶。扩展资料：英国礼仪英国的礼俗丰富多彩，彼此第一次认识时，一般都以握手为礼，不会像东欧人那样常常拥抱。随便拍打客人被认为是非礼的行为，即使在公务完结之后也如此。英国人有些禁忌须注意，如他们从不从梯子下走过，在屋里不撑伞，从不把鞋子放在桌子上，和人像做装潢等。英国人性格英国人性格孤僻,生活刻板,办事认真，对外界事情不感兴趣,往往寡言少语,对新鲜事物持谨慎态度,具有独特的冷静的幽默。他们保守、冷漠，感情轻意不外露,即便有很伤心的事,也常常不表现出来。他们很少发脾气,能忍耐,不愿意与别人作无谓的争论。英国人做事很有耐心,任何情况之下,他们绝不面露焦急之色。参考资料：百度百科――英国礼仪 本回答被网友采纳
英国传统文化习俗，如下：1.英国人崇尚“绅士风度”和“淑女风范”，讲究“女士优先”。2.在日常生活中，英国人注意仪表，讲究穿着，男士每天教都要刮脸，凡外出进行社交活动，都要穿深色的西服，但忌戴条纹的领带，女士则着西式套裙或连衣裙。3.当你去访问一个英国人时，得先在门口敲门，一直等到他说“请进”才能进去。先生们进屋脱帽，而女士们则不必在室内脱帽。4.英国人的见面礼是握手礼，戴着帽子的男士在与英国人握手时，最好先摘下帽子再向对方示敬。但切勿与英国人交叉握手，因为那会构成晦气的十字形，也要避免交叉干杯。5.与英国人交谈时，应注视着对方的头部，并不时与之交换眼神。6.与人交往时，注重用敬语“请”、“谢谢”、“对不起”等。奉行“不问他人是非”的信条，也不愿接纳别人进入自己的私人生活领域，把家当成“私人城堡”，不经邀请谁也不能进入，甚至邻里之间也绝少往来。7.非工作时间即为“私人时间”，一般不进行公事活动，若在就餐时谈及公事更是犯大忌而使人生厌。饮食方面：1.在饮食上英式菜是世界公认的名流大菜，它历史悠久、工艺考究，很得世人青睐。2.不善于烹饪的英国人，中午或者晚上经常也就是三明治或汉堡，最多就是煮一些清水的豆子吃。3.一般的英国家庭一天通常是四餐：分别是早餐、午餐、午茶点和晚餐；有极个别地区的人还要在晚上九点钟以后再加一餐。4.英国人讲究口味清淡，菜肴要求质好量精，花样多变，注意营养成分。5.他们喜欢吃牛肉、羊肉、蛋类、禽类、甜点、水果等食品。土豆是英国最常见和利用的食物：1.烤一个大土豆，切开，里面放上不同的陷料（比如沙拉，肉酱等）。2.夏天英国人喜欢吃各种水果冻、冰淇淋，冬天喜欢吃各种热布丁。3.进餐时一般先喝啤酒，还喜欢喝威士忌等烈性酒。4.日常生活绝对按事先安排的日程进行，时间观念极强。英国的下午茶是非常出名的：主要有下午茶Afternoon tea（下午4点左右，而非香港般的3点15分），和餐饮High Tea 也叫Meat Tea（下午5－6点）；下午茶主要吃茶点，喝茶或咖啡，而High Tea一般则有冻的肉食，而且不一定喝茶；英国的茶出名，应该是指印度的大吉岭红茶与伯爵茶、或锡兰高地红茶。扩展资料:英国下午茶，“茶”是绝对的主角。专用下午茶分为大吉岭与伯爵茶、锡兰茶等几种。一直到今天，已俨然形成一种优雅自在的下午茶文化，也成为正统的“英国红茶文化”。英式下午茶有三部曲:第一步：享用美味点心。第二步：品赏精致的茶器。第三步：品茶茶在英国文学作品中更是频频泛起，娓娓道出人物的糊口及场景，在英式下午茶文化的熏陶下，英国文学家不同凡响的明显特点，就是时常表现出对中国茶的歌颂。参考资料：百度百科-英国传统文化 本回答被网友采纳
1. English style of eating habits is also easy, pay attention to nutrition. Breakfast is usually porridge milk or a cup of red juice, coated with butter toast, fried bacon or sausage, eggs. At noon, the children eat lunch at school, adults at lunch on the job on the vicinity to buy a sandwich, a cup of coffee on, just kill. Only to the weekend, the British people will be rich on a table. Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so on. A wide variety of vegetables, like cabbage, fresh peas, potatoes, carrots and so on. Vegetables in general are no longer processed, mounted on a tray, poured from the supermarket to buy ready-made sauce will be consumed. After the main course there will always be together digestible of sweets, such as cooking fruit, fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so on.英国的饮食习惯也很舒适易, 讲究营养。早餐通常是粥奶或一杯红果汁, 涂上黄油的土司, 炸培根或香肠, 鸡蛋。中午, 孩子们在学校吃午饭, 大人在午饭的时候在工作附近买了一个三明治, 一杯咖啡, 就可以了。只有到了周末, 英国人民餐桌才会丰富。通常的主要课程是肉类, 如烤鸡肉, 烤牛肉, 鱼等。各种蔬菜, 如卷心菜、鲜豌豆、马铃薯、胡萝卜等。一般蔬菜不再加工, 装在托盘上, 倒出来从超市里买来现成的酱。主菜后有可消化的甜食, 如烹调水果、水果布丁、芝士、冰淇淋等。2. English pubs everywhere, has several flavors, each with 10,000 large and small pubs, which have many hundreds of years of history, this old pub is usually haunted legends, it is interesting that not only did not care about the owner, but also his house ghost Li Chuan-story as the general put on a table in each. Something fishy about the pub business better and sell more expensive.英国到处都是酒馆, 有好几种风味, 每个城市都有1万大的小酒馆, 其中有百年历史, 老酒馆通常有闹鬼的传说, 有趣的是, 不仅主人不在乎,而且还喜欢把闹鬼的故事放在每张桌子上。一些关于酒馆生意的可疑之物, 卖得更贵。3. Can't ask a lady's age British very don't like to talk about man's wages and women's age, and even his home furniture value how many money, also be shouldn't have asked. If you ask a lady's age, also is very not appropriate, because she thought it was her own secret, and everyone wants to eternal youth, no comparison middle-aged women say 1 "you look young" better compliment. No doubt, every woman's hair and make-up and dresses are to let oneself look more beautiful, more young.不能问女士的年龄 英国人非常不喜欢谈论男人的工资和女人的年龄，甚至他家里的家具值多少 钱，也是不该问的。如果你问了一位女士的年龄，也是很不合适的，因为她认为这是她自己的秘密，而且每个人都想永葆青春，没有比对中年妇女说一声“你看上去好年轻”更好的恭维了。毫无疑问，每个女士的发型、化妆和衣着都是为了让自己看起来更美丽、更年轻，但是如果她的打扮让人感到太刻意，那么别人就会带着非难的口吻说她“显得俗气”。扩展资料：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），简称“英国”（United Kingdom），本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。英国是由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国。除本土之外，其还拥有十四个海外领地， 总人口超过6500万，其中以英格兰人（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）为主体民族，占全国总人口的占83.9%。1688年的光荣革命确立了君主立宪政体，18世纪60年代至19世纪30年代成为世界上第一个完成工业革命的国家，国力迅速壮大。18世纪至20世纪初期英国统治的领土跨越全球七大洲，是当时世界上最强大的国家和第一大殖民帝国，其殖民地面积等于本土的111倍， 号称日不落帝国。在两次世界大战中都取得了胜利，但国力严重受损。到20世纪下半叶大英帝国解体，资本主义世界霸权的地位被美国取代。不过，现在英国仍是一个在世界范围内有巨大影响力的大国。英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家，欧洲四大经济体之一，其国民拥有较高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。作为英联邦元首国、八国集团成员国、北约创始会员国、英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。参考资料：百度百科-英国 本回答被网友采纳
1，英国，新年民俗On New Year's eve in England, the family must have wine in the bottle and meat in the cupboard.（英国人在除夕这一天，家里必须瓶中有酒，橱中有肉。）They believe that if there is no wine and meat left, the next year will be poor.（他们认为，如果没有余下的酒肉，来年便会贫穷。）In addition, Britain also popular New Year "well water" custom.（除此之外，英国还流行新年“打井水”的风俗。）People strive to be the first to draw water, think that the first water is a happy person.（人们都争取第一个去打水，认为第一个打水人为幸福之人，打来的水是吉祥之水。）2，法国，新年民俗French people think that the weather on New Year's Day is a sign of the new year.（法国人认为元旦这天的天气预示着新一年的年景。）Easterly wind, fruits harvest year.（刮东风，水果的丰收年。）A harvest year of westerly winds, fishing and milking.（刮西风，捕鱼和挤奶的丰收年。）It's a windy and rainy year.（刮南风，风调雨顺的一年。）When the north wind blows, the harvest year falls short.（刮北风，则是欠收年。）3，西班牙，新年民俗On New Year's Day, Spanish parents are especially "benevolent" and they will meet all the demands of their children.（元旦这天，西班牙家长特别“仁慈”，他们会满足孩子的一切要求。）They think that children's swearing, fighting and crying are bad omens.（认为孩子们骂人、打架和哭啼都是不祥之兆。）Meanwhile, most Spaniards carry a gold or copper coin for good luck.（同时，大多数西班牙人身上会携一枚金币或铜币以求吉祥。）4，比利时，新年民俗The first thing belgians do on New Year's day is pay New Year's greetings to their animals.（比利时人在元旦清晨要做的头一件事就是给牲畜拜年。）Go to the cow, sheep and pet cat and dog side, solemnly greet them: happy New Year.（走到牛羊以及宠物猫狗身边，郑重其事地向它们问候：新年快乐。）5，德国，新年民俗The Germans climbed into their chairs just before midnight on New Year's Eve and jumped out of their chairs as soon as the bell rang.（德国人在除夕午夜新年光临前一刻，爬到椅子上，钟声一响，他们就跳下椅子。）And throw a heavy object behind the chair, in order to show off the disaster, jump into the New Year.（并将一重物抛向椅背后，以示甩去祸患，跳入新年。）In addition, they will put some scales in their wallets, because scales are the mascot of the New Year, which indicates that money is rolling.（此外，他们还会在钱夹里放几片鱼鳞，因为鱼鳞是新年吉祥物，预示着财源滚滚。）参考资料来源：百度百科-风俗习惯
Thailand Thailand's traditional new year, namely "Songkran" Song ("dry" is Sanskrit Transliteration), also called the "Water Splashing Festival", is the Gregorian calendar to April 13th each year 16 days. In the festival, people carried or used to carry a huge statue of buddha, The Buddha behind a car floats, the car stood in make-up "Song Gannv God ", the young men and women gathering in crowds and groups dressed in colorful national costumes, Knocking on the drum, now singing, now dancing. Along the path of the procession, the good Men and women to walk, with a silver bowl filled with leaves soaked, permeability Flavored water, spilled to Buddha and the song "dry goddess", pray for the new year Well, well, then people are watering, smile to long The generation of health and longevity, I wish friends and family, the new year, unmarried young men and women, the use of It expressed their love to each other. Thailand people on the first day of the new year Put a basin of water in the window, the door end, each and every family to the suburbs River to carry out new year bath. To celebrate the new year, the Thailand people held in the scale The "Game Conference", content: people like tug of war, jump like pick up objects, such as cross Human body, elephant football match, ancient elephant array performance, etc.. Very exciting. And Egypt is an ancient country, 40 BC, the Egyptians will be able to observe the stars Like, they found that Sirius and the sun rises, the Nile water immediately Rise In Egypt, the Nile flooded this day as the start of the new year. Said "Rising new year" Egypt croute people at the door to greet the new year, a Zhang Zhuozi, seven or eight plates for soybeans, beans, alfalfa and wheat. There are many particles, green shoots, the symbol of abundance. To God The more things you have, the more you will harvest. Egypt's new year in autumn, Agricultural production in Egypt is the beginning of autumn. Germany Germany's new year, a week before the celebration. During this period, families The user must be put on a tree and tree, leaves full of silk flower that flowers, Such as Kam, spring is all over the human world. German New Year's visit to the front of the new year's Eve, climb When the bell rang, they jumped out of the chair and threw a heavy load. The back of a chair, to show their rejection to the scourge, jumped into the new year. Children form a band, wear On new clothes, holding a harmonica and accordion, playing in the street parade. Adult Holding banners, shouting behind them singing, celebrating the new year, the German women In the new year, the family theme of the comedy comedy. In Germany There is a kind of New Year customs ---- "climbing contest", the boys Shun A bare tree climbing competition, first known as the "new hero", to Shown to be promoted step by step. India India from October 31st each year for the new year, a total of 5 days, fourth days for new year's day. On the first day of the new year, no one is allowed to be angry, but not to lose his temper. India The area, new year's morning, each and every family constantly crying, everybody's face tears cross They flow, time goes by, life is short, cry to the new year, is on Students lament. Some areas of the people to fasting day and night to welcome the new one In the early hours of new year's day until midnight. Because of this strange custom, India's new year's Day is known as the "crying New Year", "fasting"". India On the 5 day before the country should have the Spring Festival, India epic "Ramayana", (of the parade), the hero of the epic poem and the paper giant "fight", "Hero" is a bit of a burning arrow, and the giant is in the audience's cheers. The fire burned, on New Year's Eve, each and every family in front of the door are posted on a variety of exquisite pictures. New year's morning, people put forward to refining the lights, with a red packet, go out to the old People and friends pay New Year's call. Congratulate each other after the meeting, the amount of pink painted each other On seeing happiness, Good luck and happiness to you! Said. The young man put the red ink into the water In the shooting, to relatives and friends who, called "Holi", said Good luck and happiness to you. India Young people like to be in a new year, whether familiar or not, to meet with unarmed combat. Gather and watch Who will applaud the prestige, often become the object of pursuit of the girl. Indigenous India The national Bo Hiller, to celebrate the new year, in the game field to erect a smooth rough Big woods, there is a rod filled with Gift Pouches, girls holding bamboo grass Rod to obstruct the little boy to climb to the pole, the boys are under the bar In a circle, to defense girls in the climbing pole of the attack, who won the pole climbing until Have pouch victory so far.
德国的新年，钱包放鱼鳞 钟响跳椅子。庆祝时间前后有一周。这期间，家家户户都要摆上一棵枞树和可树，树叶间系满绢花，表示繁花如锦，春满人间。德国人在除夕午夜新年光临前一刻，爬到椅子上，钟声一响，他们就跳下椅子，并将一重物抛向椅背后，以示甩去祸患，跳入新年。孩子们组成乐队，穿上新衣服，拿着口琴和手风琴，列队在街上吹奏。成年人则手持彩旗，跟在后面呐喊唱歌，欢庆新年，德国的妇女在新年里要即兴表演家庭题材的喜剧小品。在德国的农村流传着一种过新年的风俗----“爬树比赛”，小伙子们顺着光秃秃的树比赛爬高，第一名被誉为“新年英雄”，以示步步高升。 德国人元旦还有穿新衣的习俗，他们认为新年换新衣，一切都如意；新年乱穿衣，全年不顺利。此外，他们还会在钱夹里放几片鱼鳞，因为鱼鳞是新年吉祥物，预示着财源滚滚；不少人还把马蹄铁钉在墙上，用来“驱妖辟邪”。 西班牙新年：争着吃葡萄当除夕夜12点的钟声刚开始敲第一声，人们便争着吃葡萄，如果能按钟声吃下12颗，便象征着新年的每个月都平安如意，而且每颗葡萄还有不同的含意，如第一颗“求平安”、第五颗“和睦”、第六颗“避难”、第七颗“祛病”…… 元旦这天，西班牙家长特别“仁慈”，他们会满足孩子的一切要求，因为按照当地风俗，孩子们骂人、打架和哭啼都是不祥之兆。同时，大多数西班牙人身上会携一枚金币或铜币以示吉祥。 印度从每年10月31日起为新年共5天，第四天为元旦。新年第一天，谁也不许对人生气，更不准发脾气。印度有的地区，元旦早上，家家户户哭声不断，人人脸上涕泪横流，他们以岁月易逝、人生苦短，用哭来迎新年，是对人生的慨叹。 有些地区的人们以禁食一天一夜来迎接新的一年，由元旦凌晨开始直到午夜为止。由于这种怪异的习俗，印度的元旦被人称为“痛哭元旦”、“禁食元旦”。印度人在过年的前5天，各地都要演出印度史诗《罗摩衍那》，(意为罗摩的游行)，扮演史诗中的英雄与纸扎巨人“作战”，“英雄”引发点着火的箭，纸扎巨人便在观众的欢呼声中着火烧毁，除夕前，家家户户门前都张贴上各种精美图画。 元旦早上，人们提着精制的小灯，拿着红粉包，出门向老人和亲友拜年。见面道喜后，就互相将红粉涂在对方的额上，表示吉祥如意，抬头见喜。年青人把红墨水装进水枪里，射到亲友身上，称为“洒红”，表示吉祥如意。印度青年喜欢在过新年时不管熟悉与否，见面徒手格斗。围观者叫好助威风，往往成为姑娘追求的对象。印度中部土著民族勃希勒人，为庆祝新年，在游戏场中竖立一根圆滑粗大的木杆，杆顶有一只盛着礼品的小袋，姑娘们手持禾竹竿竭力阻挠向杆上爬去的小伙卫子，小伙子们则在杆下围成一圈，努力防御姑娘们对爬杆者的攻击，直到爬竿者夺得小袋取得胜利为止。 美国新年 30万人集体“干杯”。新年前夜，美国赌城拉斯维加斯聚集了大约三万名手持香槟的狂欢者。拉斯维加斯市计划在新年钟声敲响时，3万人将一齐举杯庆祝2006年的到来。拉斯维加斯将打破它们在2005年新年时创造的293000人的同时干杯的吉尼斯世界纪录。 据市长戈德曼说，今晚将由大型的明星演出，天鹅绒帘幕装饰的派对。2006年钟声敲响时，价值50万美元的焰火将在天空绽放。 加利福尼亚州的元旦庆祝别有特色，新年来临之际，大街小巷到处摆着玫瑰花，几十辆鲜花装点的彩车载着身着礼服的妙龄少女徐徐而过。人们会在节日期间选出当年的玫瑰皇后和玫瑰公主，在赞赏中迎来新年。 英国新年 40万人集体狂欢。2005年12月31日晚，英国伦敦特拉法尔角广场将举行盛大狂欢，人们身着节日盛装，从四面八方汇到灯光辉煌的舞场，在美妙的乐声中翩翩起舞，成千上万的人群，还云集到各个广场，围绕着广场中心的喷泉和厄洛斯神象，载歌载舞，尽情狂欢。 英国人在2005年12月31日深夜，常带上糕点和酒出去拜访，他们不敲门，就径直走进亲友家。按英国人风俗，除夕千夜过后，朝屋里迈进第一只脚的人，预示着新的一年的运气。如果第一个客人是个黑发男人，或是个快乐、幸福而富裕的人，主人就将全年吉利走好运。如果第一个客人是个浅黄头发的女人，或是个忧伤、贫穷、不幸的人，主人在新的一年将遭霉运。除夕在亲友家作客的人，在未交谈前，要先去拨弄壁炉的火，祝福主人“开门大吉”。 澳大利亚新年 上万警民齐观焰火。2005年12月31日晚，悉尼将举行建城以来最大规模的新年焰火活动。2005年焰火主题是国际著名焰火设计师布莱恩·汤姆逊设计的“劳动者之心”—点燃的焰火形成一个巨大心状，令市民叹为观止。这次焰火规模“史无前例”。 新加坡新年 光交织呈现迷人景色。新加坡的滨海湾从2005年12月31日晚上开始举行大型的跨年活动。主办者滨海艺术中心特别在30日晚上进行了灯光表演彩排，只见漂浮在滨海湾水面上的这些“许愿球”在水中亮起，照耀新加坡河面，形成一幅迷人景色。 31日午夜，当迎接2006年的钟声一响，滨海湾的上空也会燃放起五颜六色的烟花，绚丽的天空将与水面上的灯球相映成趣，构成了“光”和“水”交织的奇景，为2006年掀开璀璨的序幕。 巴西新年 登山寻幸福 见面揪耳朵。新年钟声敲响后，巴西人高举火把，蜂拥登山，他们争先恐后地寻找象征着幸福的金桦果，这个活动被称为“寻幸福”。据说，只有不畏艰险的人，才能找到这种罕见的果子。在乡村地区，新年期间还有一个独特的风俗习惯—————互相揪耳朵，人们在元旦见面时，会使劲揪住对方的耳朵，表示祝福。 法国新年：喝光家藏酒 风向卜年景 喝光家藏酒 风向卜年景。 朝鲜新年：稻草人中塞钞票，黄昏时分烧头发 朝鲜和我们中国一样，在新年也有贴窗花、桃符的匀俗。朝鲜人在新年时，家家户户贴对联和年画。有的人家在门上贴上寿星或仙女的画像，祈求上天保佑，驱走鬼魅，赐给幸福。元旦黎明，人们把一些钞票塞进了除夕预先扎好的稻草人中，扔到十字路口，表示送走邪恶，迎接吉祥福星。黄昏，人们又将全家人一年中脱落的头发烧掉，祝愿家人四季平安。新春佳节，朝鲜的妇女穿戴一新。 元旦日少女们头戴一种麻制的帽子，称为“福巾”，身穿带花纹的五色彩衣，进行荡秋千比赛。她们以一处树花为目标，看谁先踢到或咬到为胜。也有在高处挂上铜铃的，以先碰响者为冠军。新年期间，朝鲜人除了享以美酒佳肴外，还必须要做一种用糯米加上松子、栗子粉、枣泥和蜂蜜等，蒸煮成与我国的八宝饭相类似的甜饭食用，以预示家里人丁兴旺日子过得象蜜一样甜。 比利时新年：给牲畜拜年 比利时的新年动物最受宠。元旦这天，比利时人清早起床后做的第一件事是给动物们拜年。他们会走到牛、羊以及自己的宠物猫宠物狗身边，煞有介事地向它们问候：“新年快乐！” 意大利新年：年夜摔东西 意大利传统认为，元旦前夜弄得响声连天可以驱邪，这样就可以新年如意。所以当地人在元旦前会不停地放烟花爆竹，还打碎一切可以打碎的东西制造声响。到了元旦这一天，意大利人家家户户都要燃一炉旺火，而且要使其一整天不灭，因为意大利人认为，火来自太阳，元旦断了火，来年就会不见天日。 墨西哥新年：新年前禁笑 墨西哥人比较奇怪，他们的传统规定，元旦到来的时候不许笑，以便于获得好运气。 庆贺新年伊始是世界各国各地区的普遍习俗。“百里不同风，千里不同俗”，由于各个国家和地区其历史、文化、宗教信仰、民族习惯不同，因此也都有自己不同的庆祝元旦的习俗。 缅甸——泼水嬉戏 泰国——抬着“宋干女神”游行 柬埔寨——堆沙丘祝丰收 尼泊尔——朝拜神像 菲律宾——纪念民族英雄 日本——敲钟一百零八下 新加坡——走亲访友 韩国——放风筝玩跳板 印度尼西亚——检查过错、请求原谅 埃尼日利亚——洗澡戏水 塞俄比亚——燃篝火庆丰收 坦桑尼亚——驱散妖魔 祈求幸福 苏丹——老年跳舞 青年唱歌 埃及——“涨水新年” 法国——从一天看一年 保加利亚：堆雪塔迎新年 美国—烧旧物狂歌 意大利——摔摔打打过新年 北美的印第安人——红球挂在高柱上 德国——“跳进新年” 西班牙——吃十二颗葡萄 葡萄牙——观看斗牛表演 加拿大——筑雪墙挡妖魔 英国——预测命运的“第一只脚” 智利——通宵歌舞 巴西——进山寻果 阿根廷——“花海”沐浴 巴拉圭——冷餐五天 印度尼西亚人吃石榴以示吉祥 泰国大象泼水祝贺新年 12月29日，阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯的孩子在商业区与废纸嬉戏。该区的工作人员在年终将撕碎的纸片从窗户向外抛撒，以庆祝这一年的终结。这是当地岁末的习俗。 伊朗新年习俗 伊朗实行的是伊斯兰历，它的季节和月份是不固定的。在伊朗，庆贺新年就是庆祝春天到来，往往是在公历3月下旬，过新年要隆重庆祝一周，人们涌上街头生起“篝火”---“夜火”，然后全家人依次从夜火上跳来跳去，表示烧掉“晦气”，迎来光明，驱邪灭病，幸福永存。除夕夜要吃“七道菜”，每道菜的名称都要以字母“S”开头的，以示吉祥。初一到初三，人们走亲访友，互祝春节快乐。新年最后一天，全家出游踏青，以避邪恶。 12月29日，阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯的孩子在商业区与废纸嬉戏。该区的工作人员在年终将撕碎的纸片从窗户向外抛撒，以庆祝这一年的终结。这是当地岁末的习俗。 新年夜，法国人合家团聚，围桌痛饮香槟酒，这一夜所有人都应该喝得酩酊大醉，这样新一年才会有新开始。法国人认为元旦的天气预示着年景：刮南风，预兆风调雨顺，；刮西风上丰收年；刮东风，水果高产；刮北风，则是歉收年。 我英语不怎么样~~~嘿嘿 只能抛砖引玉喽~ 追问 1.太长了，要简短。2.我说要英语的。你只有中文的。 追答 没有英文的