初中英语被动语态

一、语态概述　　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。　　　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。　　　　例如：Many people speak Chinese.　　　　谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。　　　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。　　　　二、被动语态的构成　　　　被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。　　一般现在时：am／is/are＋spoken　　　　一般过去时：was／were＋spoken　　　　一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken　　　　现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken　　　　过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken　　　　现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken　　　　过去完成时：had been + spoken　　　　三、被动语态的用法　　　　（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。　　　　例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）　　　　This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。　　　　（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。　　　　例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。　　　　This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。　　　　Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。　　　　四、主动语态变被动语态的方法　　　　（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。　　　　（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。　　　　（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：　　　　All the people laughed at him.　　　　He was laughed at by all people.　　　　They make the bikes in the factory.　　　　The bikes are made by them in the factory.　　　　He cut down a tree.　　　　A tree was cut down by him.　　　　五、含有情态动词的被动语态　　　　含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。　　　　We can repair this watch in two days.　　　　This watch can be repaired in two days.　　　　They should do it at once.　　　　It should be done at once.　　　　六、特殊情况　　　　1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.　　　　The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.　　　　2.Mother never lets me watch TV .　　　　I am never let to watch TV by mother.　　　　3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.　　　　（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now. 追问 请说明什么是动作的承受者，什么是动作的执行者，怎么找主语。 已经比较满意，但还需回答这个问题，好的会采纳 本回答被提问者采纳

我扫地，反过来就是地被我扫，改被动语态还涉及代词，时态的变化。需要的话我会详细解答 追问 看了语法手册，就是看不懂 追答 一般现在时要变为一般过去时一般过去时改为过去完成时现在完成时改为过去完成时现在进行时改为过去进行时一般将来时改为过去将来时这是初三的学习内容

基本结构：be +过去分词。要表示由某人做的，加by sb时态和人称要体现在be动词上面。比如：那块蛋糕被我吃了。the cake was eaten by me.(过去时） 会议将在两天后召开。the meeting will be held in two days. (将来时） 等等初学者容易错的是不知道该用被动形式。比如动词填空时，所给词填什么形式，要考虑是否与主语是被动关系。比如：this kind of computer _______(sell) in many countries. 这里电脑和卖的关系是被动，一般现在时，主语为单数，所以填is sold.被动语态难点很多，一两句说不清，说太多了也不可能马上记住。还是具体题目具体分析吧。 本回答由提问者推荐

被动语态：相当于汉语中的被字句。构成：S+be+P.P.+by+执行者什么时候用被动语态，在不知道谁做的这件事时，或者不重要时，就用被动语态。纯手写 望采纳 O(∩_∩)O~ 注释：P.P.为动词的过去分词。

初中英语被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：　Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。　Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态　转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：　 Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.I hit him.(主) → He was hit by me. (被)　（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。　注意： 　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.　他们昨天开会了。　（3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。　He sang a song. → A song was sung byhim. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. Jack told the truth to us.The truth was told to us by Jack. Tom gave me a pen.(主)I was given a pen by Tom.(被) Tom gave a pen to me. （主）A pen was given to me by Tom.(被) write, make, bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。You brought me a big cake. (主)A big cake was brought to me by you. (被) She wrote me a letter.(主)A letter was written to me by her.(被) 四．注意事项：1. 主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。I will give him a pen.(主)He will be given a pen by me.(被)我将给他一支笔。 2. 在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。1）I heard you talk with Peter. (主)我听到你和彼得谈话。You were heard to talk with Peter. (被)2）I saw her come out of the classroom.(主)我看见她出了教室。She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被)3）make/let sb do sth Sb be made/let to do sth 3. 主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。People eat watermelons in the summer.(主)Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)在夏天吃西瓜。 4. 否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。1) You should not blame me. (主)你不应该责怪我。I should not be blamed by you. (被)2) You should not write this letter.(主)你不应该写这封信。This letter should not be written by you.(被) 5. 疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。1) Does she drive this car?(主)Is this car driven by her?(被)2) What shall we do next?(主)What will be done by us next?(被) 6. 祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。Open the door please.(主)Let the door be opened please.(被) 7. 主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。Tom hurt himself. (主)Tom was hurt. (被) 8. 下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有：① be动词 ② ……起来（7个）：look, sound, smell, taste, feel , seem, appear e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④ 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.2）happen, take place, break out（爆发）,belong to ,cost, take3）不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。　 1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。　 An accident happened yesterday.　2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。　3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。　4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。 9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久） 六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）　1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）　English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。　Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四都举行班会。　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 　2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)　The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。　He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。　My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 　3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)　A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。　A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 　4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)　The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。　The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。　A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 　5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。　The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 　6．过去完成时(had been+done)　They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。　She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。　He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.　他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。

be动词+V的过去分词 情态动词后面＋be＋过去分词(pp)1.should be +pp2.must be +pp3.can be +pp另外have/ has/hadhave/has/had +been +pp还有进行时态is/are +being +pp还有过去式的was+being +pp(过去进行时）had +been +pp(过去完成时）was +pp（一般过去时）

人教新目标版 初三 Unit3标题：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes （一）被动语态的构成1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例) 一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/ are＋done We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 did was/ were＋done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 现在进行时 am/ is/are＋doing am/ is/ are＋being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her. 现在完成时 have/has＋done have/ has＋been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 一般将来时 will/ shall/ be going to ＋do will/ shall/ be going to＋be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 过去进行时 was/ were＋doing was/ were＋being＋done She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her this time yesterday. 过去完成时 had＋done had＋been＋done Jim had finished the work. The work had been finished by Jim. 过去将来时 would/ should/ be going to＋do would/should/ be going to＋do He said he would made a kite. He said a kite would be made by him. 含有情态动词 can/ may/ must＋do can/may/must＋be＋done I can find him. He can be found by me.（二）被动语态的用法被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。e.g.This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。e.g.More trees must be planted every year.每年必须有更多的树被种植。3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。4．动作的发出者不是人时。e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换1．主动语态变被动语态：　　（1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。　　（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。　　（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。　　e.g.We asked him to sing an English song.我们让他唱一首英语歌。He was asked to sing an English song by us.他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态　　谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可接直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。e.g.She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)→I was given a book. (间接宾语me改为主语)A book was given to me. (育接宾语a book改为主语)3．短语动词变为被动语态　　许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。e.g.We should speak to old men politely. (变为被动语态)→Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态　　宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。e.g.I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.5．被动语态后动词形式的选择　　主动句中在感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等使役动词, 也称为感官动词，let、make、here等动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。e.g.He makes the girl stay at home.(改为被动结构)→The girl is made to stay at home.Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(改为同义句)→They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.四句话：①主语变成宾语；　　　　②宾语变成主语；　　　　③动词一分为二；　　　　④时态体现在be动词上。（四）被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式1．主动结构表被动意义（1）open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。e.g.This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这很好卖。（2）look、sound、taste、smell等系动词主动结构表被动意义。e.g.Uniforms look ugly on us. 我们穿着制服很难看。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼吃起来很好。（3）be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。e.g.This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。（4）want/ need/ require＋doing相当于want/ need/ require＋to be done。to be done表不定式的被动结构。e.g.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。（五）不用被动语态的情况1．主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。e.g.The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。Himself was introduced as Mr. White.(误)They help each other study English. (主动语态)他们互相帮助学习英语。Each other is helped study English. (误)2．当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。e.g.We will have a meeting.我们将开一个会。3．主动语态的宾语是动词不定式或-ing形式时，不能用作被动语态的主语。e.g.My brother enjoys watching TVHe asked to have a try.他请求试一次。　　注意：解答被动语态题目时，首先要判断主语和动作的关系，如果主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态

从初二上册起，开始有被动语态的句子出现，在初二下册增多，初三课本正式讲了。

初三上学期开始，是重点。

初三

1-1 当句子的主语为动作的承受者即受动者，动词用被动语态。Eg. John helped Peter. （John是动作的施行者，而Peter是动作的承受者即承受者。） Peter was helped by John. （Peter是句子的主语，而且是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。）1-2 被动语态的构成：be + 动词的过去分词2. 特别提醒：被动语态的时态和人称的变动都是由动词be作改变的，不论发生什么改变，动词的过去分词(v+ed或不规则的分词) 都不改变。时态用的助动词和人称代词由被动语态句子中的主语，即动作的承受者，所决定。2-1 Eg. He cleans the room everyday.  The room is cleaned (by him) everyday. (一般现在时的被动语态构成: is / am / are + 动词的过去分词)2-2 Eg. They have brought many toys since last week. Many toys have been brought (by them) since last week. (现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have + been + 动词过去分词。)2-3 Eg. They are meeting the foreigners at the gate. The foreigners are being met (by them) at the gate. (现在进行时的被动语态构成：is/ are/ am + being + 动词过去分词)2-4 Eg. They will build some new buildings next year.  Some new buildings will be built (by them) next year. They are going to draw a new picture tomorrow.  A new picture is going to be drawn tomorrow.(一般将来时被动语态构成：will + be +动词过去分词, 或is/am/are going to +be + 动词过去分词)2-5 Eg. Father has been painting the room all morning.  The room has been being painted (by father) all morning.(仅作了解：现在完成进行时的被动语态：has/ have + been+ being + 动词过去分词)2-6 Eg. They wrote the book last year. The book was written (by them) last year. （一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/ were+动词过去分词）2-7 Eg. The children had broken the window when the teacher arrived. The windows had been broken (by the children) when the teacher arrived. (过去完成时被动语态构成had + been + 动词过去分词。)2-8 Eg. She was reading the book at 8:00 last night.  The book was being read at 8:00 last night. (过去进行时被动语态构成：was/ were being + 动词过去分词)2-9 Eg. They said they would cook some food.  They said some food would be cooked. They said he was going to buy a new house.  They said a new house was going to be bought.(过去将来时被动语态构成：would +动词过去分词，或：was/were going to be + 动词分词)2-10 Eg. He must finish the work in two days.  The work must be finished in two days. (情态动词被动语态：must/have to/had better/ should/can/could/may/might/need to + be +动词分词) 3． 间接引语中的被动语态：3-1 引述动词是一般现在时的时候，引语的人称根据引述动词前面的主语而作调整，但时态不变。Eg. He often says, “ I was chosen to take part in the exam when I was twelve.” He often says he was chosen to take part in the exam when he was twelve. （人称由引述动词says前面的主语he 决定，但引语的时态不变。）3-2 引述动词为过去时态，引语部分的时态和人陈都按照引述部分进行改变。Eg. He said, “ My father has been hit by a car.”He said his father had been hit by a car. (引语部分的时态和人称都发生了改变。)3-3 从上文可看出：引述动词是过去时态时，被动语态形式的引语改动规则与主动语态形式的引语的改动规则一样，但无论如何，只要是被动语态，它的动词的过去分词总是不改的。）4．几种特殊的情况需要特别注意：4-1. 带介词的双宾语可以有两种改法：eg. They gave him an apple.  He was given an apple.  An apple was given to him. (双宾语中当直接宾语apple 作被动语态句子的主语时，要记得写上介词to。)4-1-1这样的动词有：buy/make/cook sth for sb 或：show/bring/give/take/ send/write/… to sb.4-2. 多词动词的被动语态：eg. She looked after his children.  His children were looked after (by her).4-2-1这样的动词有：look after, look into, talk about, set up, put off, bring about, do away with, look forward to, take good care of 等等词。4-3 It is/was/has been said/reported/known + that + 从句4-4 有些动词在主动语态里不带to，但改为被动语态时要还原tomake/see/have/hear/let sb do sth sb be made/seen/heard/let to do sth eg. The boss made the workers work for a long time.  The workers were made to work for a long time (by the boss).4-5 有些动词在主动语态中带sb doing sth, 改为被动语态时仍用doing stheg. I heard him singing in his room. He was heard singing in his room.4-6 特别区分：当句子中出现suddenly, 具体的时间时，用see/hear sb doing sth的形式当句中出现often, always, sometimes, 或不具体的时间时，用see/hear sb do sth的形式。Eg. 1) I often hear him sing in his room. 2) Yesterday I saw him cross the road. 3) Suddenly they heard someone crying in the forest.4-7 不及物动词没有被动语态：happen, take place, begin, become, go, comeeg. Great changes have taken place in the last two years.4-8 表静态的动词没有被动语态：cost, last, agree with, own4-9 主动形式表示被动意义，通常用于表示sth的功能或效用: write/wash/cut/use/sell/cookeg. The cooker cooks well. The washing machine washes well.注意：动词的搭配：1．带sb to do sth的动词：allow/encourage/help/want/wish/ask/tell sb to do sth, 2．带 to do sth 的动词：hope/agree/decide/want/wish/prefer to do sth3．带 doing sth 的动词：enjoy/practise/think about/doing sth4．几对特殊的例子：remember to do sth (记得要做，但还没做) remember doing sth (记得要做，而且做了) forget to do sth ( 忘记要做，没有做) forget doing sth ( 做了，但忘记已经做了)5．prefer doing sth to doing sth6．look forward to doing sth7．介词后面用doing sth8．动词做句子的主语时用ing形式：Collecting stamps is interesting. 本回答由提问者推荐

sorry= = 追问 什么意思 追答 就是不懂= =

do be done

悬挂 是一个动作 一个东西 它可以被悬挂 就可以用被动语态 如果表示 挂着一个东西 挂着 这种状态的时候 是这个物体的状态 无关动作 就不能用被动了 本回答被提问者采纳

一般就是 be+动词的被动语态