初中英语被动语态的方法

一般就是 be+动词的被动语态

1-1 当句子的主语为动作的承受者即受动者，动词用被动语态。Eg. John helped Peter. （John是动作的施行者，而Peter是动作的承受者即承受者。） Peter was helped by John. （Peter是句子的主语，而且是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。）1-2 被动语态的构成：be + 动词的过去分词2. 特别提醒：被动语态的时态和人称的变动都是由动词be作改变的，不论发生什么改变，动词的过去分词(v+ed或不规则的分词) 都不改变。时态用的助动词和人称代词由被动语态句子中的主语，即动作的承受者，所决定。2-1 Eg. He cleans the room everyday.  The room is cleaned (by him) everyday. (一般现在时的被动语态构成: is / am / are + 动词的过去分词)2-2 Eg. They have brought many toys since last week. Many toys have been brought (by them) since last week. (现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have + been + 动词过去分词。)2-3 Eg. They are meeting the foreigners at the gate. The foreigners are being met (by them) at the gate. (现在进行时的被动语态构成：is/ are/ am + being + 动词过去分词)2-4 Eg. They will build some new buildings next year.  Some new buildings will be built (by them) next year. They are going to draw a new picture tomorrow.  A new picture is going to be drawn tomorrow.(一般将来时被动语态构成：will + be +动词过去分词, 或is/am/are going to +be + 动词过去分词)2-5 Eg. Father has been painting the room all morning.  The room has been being painted (by father) all morning.(仅作了解：现在完成进行时的被动语态：has/ have + been+ being + 动词过去分词)2-6 Eg. They wrote the book last year. The book was written (by them) last year. （一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/ were+动词过去分词）2-7 Eg. The children had broken the window when the teacher arrived. The windows had been broken (by the children) when the teacher arrived. (过去完成时被动语态构成had + been + 动词过去分词。)2-8 Eg. She was reading the book at 8:00 last night.  The book was being read at 8:00 last night. (过去进行时被动语态构成：was/ were being + 动词过去分词)2-9 Eg. They said they would cook some food.  They said some food would be cooked. They said he was going to buy a new house.  They said a new house was going to be bought.(过去将来时被动语态构成：would +动词过去分词，或：was/were going to be + 动词分词)2-10 Eg. He must finish the work in two days.  The work must be finished in two days. (情态动词被动语态：must/have to/had better/ should/can/could/may/might/need to + be +动词分词) 3． 间接引语中的被动语态：3-1 引述动词是一般现在时的时候，引语的人称根据引述动词前面的主语而作调整，但时态不变。Eg. He often says, “ I was chosen to take part in the exam when I was twelve.” He often says he was chosen to take part in the exam when he was twelve. （人称由引述动词says前面的主语he 决定，但引语的时态不变。）3-2 引述动词为过去时态，引语部分的时态和人陈都按照引述部分进行改变。Eg. He said, “ My father has been hit by a car.”He said his father had been hit by a car. (引语部分的时态和人称都发生了改变。)3-3 从上文可看出：引述动词是过去时态时，被动语态形式的引语改动规则与主动语态形式的引语的改动规则一样，但无论如何，只要是被动语态，它的动词的过去分词总是不改的。）4．几种特殊的情况需要特别注意：4-1. 带介词的双宾语可以有两种改法：eg. They gave him an apple.  He was given an apple.  An apple was given to him. (双宾语中当直接宾语apple 作被动语态句子的主语时，要记得写上介词to。)4-1-1这样的动词有：buy/make/cook sth for sb 或：show/bring/give/take/ send/write/… to sb.4-2. 多词动词的被动语态：eg. She looked after his children.  His children were looked after (by her).4-2-1这样的动词有：look after, look into, talk about, set up, put off, bring about, do away with, look forward to, take good care of 等等词。4-3 It is/was/has been said/reported/known + that + 从句4-4 有些动词在主动语态里不带to，但改为被动语态时要还原tomake/see/have/hear/let sb do sth sb be made/seen/heard/let to do sth eg. The boss made the workers work for a long time.  The workers were made to work for a long time (by the boss).4-5 有些动词在主动语态中带sb doing sth, 改为被动语态时仍用doing stheg. I heard him singing in his room. He was heard singing in his room.4-6 特别区分：当句子中出现suddenly, 具体的时间时，用see/hear sb doing sth的形式当句中出现often, always, sometimes, 或不具体的时间时，用see/hear sb do sth的形式。Eg. 1) I often hear him sing in his room. 2) Yesterday I saw him cross the road. 3) Suddenly they heard someone crying in the forest.4-7 不及物动词没有被动语态：happen, take place, begin, become, go, comeeg. Great changes have taken place in the last two years.4-8 表静态的动词没有被动语态：cost, last, agree with, own4-9 主动形式表示被动意义，通常用于表示sth的功能或效用: write/wash/cut/use/sell/cookeg. The cooker cooks well. The washing machine washes well.注意：动词的搭配：1．带sb to do sth的动词：allow/encourage/help/want/wish/ask/tell sb to do sth, 2．带 to do sth 的动词：hope/agree/decide/want/wish/prefer to do sth3．带 doing sth 的动词：enjoy/practise/think about/doing sth4．几对特殊的例子：remember to do sth (记得要做，但还没做) remember doing sth (记得要做，而且做了) forget to do sth ( 忘记要做，没有做) forget doing sth ( 做了，但忘记已经做了)5．prefer doing sth to doing sth6．look forward to doing sth7．介词后面用doing sth8．动词做句子的主语时用ing形式：Collecting stamps is interesting. 本回答由提问者推荐

sorry= = 追问 什么意思 追答 就是不懂= =

do be done

被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词编辑本段应用 应用到各种时态和句型,如下： ① 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended （by me）. ②进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned. ③ 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished. ④ 其他时态 以此类推，可得到结果。 ⑤ 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed. ⑥ 不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。）编辑本段主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况 ① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. ② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等 ③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。 例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm. 在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。 ④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father. ⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。 ⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。 ⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,. ⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word. ⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友） ⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动. ⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。 ⑫ 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等编辑本段被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 8.过去完成时的被动语态：would + be + 及物动词的过去分词 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon by him.编辑本段主动语态改被动语态 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.编辑本段使用被动语态的注意问题 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.→ He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 6.宾语补足语的被动语态 They call him Bob./He is called Bob. 7.谓语补助语态 He is a bad boy。 本回答被提问者采纳

英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。一、 一般现在时：1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month...), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don＇t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn＇t，通常还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时：1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn＇t，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn＇t know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时：1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.例句：How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时：1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构：was/were+doing 4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 现在完成时：1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句：have或has提前6.例句：I＇ve written an article. It has been raining these days. 六、 过去完成时：1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 3.基本结构：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时：1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加won＇t，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时：1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构：was/were/going to do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there . 本回答由提问者推荐

Some jewels were found in a box by us. 更多追问追答 追问 我不是叫你帮我改这个句子，是帮我找这个习题的答案，我只是举了其中一个题- - 。 追答 你说的练习题在哪啊? 我只看到了这一个题. 请说明白一些. 追问 我的意思不是叫你帮我改这一个句子，而是叫你帮我找这个题后面的题，有很多道，然后我要那些题得答案....不懂就继续追问我吧..... 追答 动句转被动句1 his mother told him not to waste time on fishing.2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas.3 This factory produces machine tools.4 They should do it at once.5 He is likely to let you down.6 They named the child tom.答案1 He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).2 I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).3 Machine tools are produced in this factory.4 It should be done at once (by them).5 You are likely to be let down.6 The child was named tom.以上几个例子都是从语法书摘抄的。代表了几种不同形式的被动变法。1\2是不同的动宾短语中宾语变被动；3是一般句子变被动；4是情态动词变被动；5是不定式变被动；6是主—动—宾—补结构的主动句变被动。 本回答被提问者采纳

some jewels were found in a box

Some jewels were found in a box by us.

Some jewels were found in a box by us