中西方餐桌礼仪差异的英文文献

e799bee5baa6e79fa5e9819331333264623862A, banquet etiquette(1) in when you're invited to dinner party, you sit at this table and table conversation, probably want to eat more interested in comparison. Therefore, should as far as possible to dine thetime little noise and less action.(2) the hostess a picked up a napkin, you also can take your napkin, in your lap. Sometimes napkin package are a little bread. If that is the case will get it also, on the side of XiaoDie.(3) napkin if large, double of overlapping in your lap, If small, is opened entirely. Never will napkin in collar or vest don't in hand, and don't rub disorderly. Can use the napkin corner of the mouth or wipe away the oil or dirt on her finger. Don't use it to wipe the silver or dishes.(4) dinner usually start from soup. In your seat before the biggest a spoon is spoon, and it's on your right side of the side. Don't wrong with in the middle of the table and the spoon, because that can be taken with vegetables can jam.(5) in the hostess takes up her a spoon or a fork, before the guest may not eat any kind of a dish. The hostess normally wait until every guest get after dish began. She doesn't like China get used to that, please eat first. When she picked up the spoon or a fork, that means you can do that.(6) if you have fish this dish, it is found mostly in soup after send, table may have a special fish fork, it may also meat forks similar, usually are smaller, anyhow, harpoon in meat from the outside of the fork dish far side.(7) usually served in fish, fish bone early before picking clean, if you eat the piece of fish and stab words, you can be left with a bread roll, or a piece of bread, right hand holding a knife through thorn.(8) if mouth has got a splinter quietly, as far as possible, should not attract attention with fingers will it out, put them in the plate edge and don't put on the table, or throwing in underground.In addition, I on French table manners taboo some knowledge, such as after:Second, the French table manners seven avoidPromised to each other's invitation if temporary have something to be late or even cancel the appointment, must notice to each other. When some of the later is acceptable, but if more than 15 minutes will give each other not value date of bad impression. In order when oneself should be selected favorite foods, if read the menu also have no idea word, but please waitress for you recommend restaurants specialty, but will give made clear, if eat seafood, don't eat red meats, remember everything hesitated, only knows how to say "is it (literally let)" will only add trouble to ride the guest. Dinner should pay attention to detail very much, but actually most daily's etiquette, just keep calm, not doing big movement, not a lot of noise or obstruction of others as a proper words had dinner.1, use the most basic principle is tableware from outside to inside, complete a dish is serve to receive this copy of tableware, according to need or will fill the another set of knife and fork.2, eat meat (such as when the steak) should start cutting corners, finished one again cut piece. Do not eat or parts of dishes, need to move it to plate.3, such as mouth have anything to spit it out, shall be handed over to pick up a fork mouth, or with finger out, then moved to plate edge. The process must try not to lead others note that after meals can be naturally.4, meet legumes or rice type of dishes, can left hand to hold the forks on flat surface plate, fork pointing upwards, again with a knife will legumes or rice light to fork on will be to dial. If need seasoning but stretched out his hand and took less than, can ask the other side pass you, don't stand up prone to take.5, finish eat wipe hand wipe mouth with the napkin energetically rub, avoid by all means a corner of the carriage with the napkin attention to talk or finger print gently on the oil can be.6, even if stool more comfortable, sitting position should be kept upright, don't depend on the back. While feeding body can be slightly lean forward, two arms shall cleave to the body, to avoid hitting the next door.7, finish eat after each dish, such as put your knife and fork quadrilateral put, or play cross put in disorder, is very ugly. The correct method is put your knife and fork side by side on plate, fork tooth face up. 本回答由提问者推荐

1 浅析中西方餐桌礼仪存在差异的原因 张文娟 现代商业 2009/04 2 中西方饮食文化e79fa5e9819331333264636233差异以及餐桌礼仪的对比 张亚红 边疆经济与文化 2009/04 [1] 王隽. 东西方文化差异浅谈[J]. 云梦学刊 , 2006,(02) [2] 曾利娟. 文化差异对跨文化交际的影响[J]. 郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版) , 2001,(05) [3] 高凤霞. 跨文化交际中的文化差异[J]. 商丘职业技术学院学报 , 2005,(01) [4] 肖利华. 文化差异解读在跨文化交际中的地位和作用[J]. 湖南行政学院学报 , 2003,(02) [5] 屈虹. 略论跨文化交际中的文化差异现象[J]. 郴州师范高等专科学校学报 , 2000,(01) [6] 赵东. 文化差异与跨文化交际能力的培养[J]. 华北煤炭医学院学报 , 2005,(03) [7] 刘淑芳. 跨文化交际与英语教学[J]. 湘潭大学社会科学学报 , 2001,(02) [8] 曾利娟. 文化与外语教学[J]. 郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版) , 2001,(02) [9] 潘克, 唐祥金. 跨文化交际能力与深层的文化差异[J]. 保定师范专科学校学报 , 2007,(02) [10] 王红丽. 文化差异与大学生跨文化交际能力的培养[J]. 河南财政税务高等专科学校学报 , 2004,(04)

我也是复制过来的 想给分就给吧e68a84e799bee5baa6e79fa5e9819331333264636232TABLE MANNERS AT A DINNER PARTY: People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture.Knowing them will help you make a good impression.Having good table manners means knowing,for example,how to use knives and forks,when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glasses—one for white wine,one for the red wine,and one for water.There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table,forks on the left and knives in the right of the plate.When you see two spoons,the big one id for the suop and the samll one for the dessert.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a litte bit bigger than the ones beside them.When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap.In Chinese you sometime get a hot,damp cloth to clean your face and face and hands,whinch,however,is nat the custom in Western countries. Dinner start with a small dish, which is often called a starter.Sime people pray before they start eating , and other people may keep silent for a moment. Then you can say"Enjoy your meal"to each other and everybody start eating.For the starter,which you eat with the smaller pair,you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.After the starter you will get a bowl of soup—but only one boel of soup and never ask for a seconf serving. The next dish is the main course.Many Westerners think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird. Some people can use their fingers when they eating chicken or other birds,but never touch beef or other meat in bones.It is polite to finish eating everthing on your plate,so don't take more food than you need. At table ,you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot,but do not laugh all the time. Most Westerners like soft drink if they will drive home.Many of them drink white or red wine with the food.When drinking to someone's health,you raise your glasses,but the glasses should not touch. The custom of toasting in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once,but Westerners usually take only a sip.For drinking during a dinner,the best advic is never to drink too much. Table manners change over time.They follow the fashion of the day .Beside,table manners are only important at formal dinner parties.If you're not sure what to do ,you can always follow your hosts.Although good manners always make you look good,you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.

7a6431333264636232Modern aesthetics of China is in the emergence and development under the influence of Western aesthetics. From a broader perspective, it is the exchange of local Chinese culture and foreign culture in the West, collision and fusion of the product. Collision, fusion of Chinese and Western culture is both a cultural background of Chinese modern aesthetic appearance, development and ideological resources of the construction of Chinese modern aesthetic theory. Characteristics of modern Chinese aesthetics and value, significance, not only from the community to look for reasons and on the basis of political and economic, to seek answers from the culture. Duality of culture both objective and subjective, its external form is an objective matter, and form therein is a subjective psychological (cultural and psychological structure), it is the essence of the spirit of, so it only by individual mental activity in order to play the role. All academic activities, culture and art activities, the most direct and close relationship between aesthetic activity.

《中国人最易误解的西方礼仪》平装，市场价: ￥ 18.00 价格: ￥ 9.30 上京东商城搜就有

阿萨德

不好意思哦！我也不清楚

中西方餐桌礼仪的差异是很多的。 下面就我所知道有一些方面与你共享一下： 不少人在吃西餐时，都会担心“失礼”。其实，所谓餐桌礼仪是为了让餐膳可以不受阻碍和破坏，而得以顺利流畅地进行的实用守则。谨记“整齐、清洁和保持安静”三项原则便可无往而不利。 一、宴会礼仪 （1）在当你应邀赴宴时，你对同桌进餐的人和餐桌上的谈话，大概要比对饮食要更感兴趣。因此进餐时，应该尽可能地少一些声响，少一些动作。 （2）女主人一拿起餐巾时，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。有时餐巾中包有一只小面包；如果是那样的话就把它取也，放在旁边的小碟上。 （3）餐巾如果很大，就双叠着放在腿上；如果很小，就全部打开。千万别将餐巾别在领上或背心上，也不要在手中乱揉。可以用餐巾的一角擦去嘴上或手指上的油渍或脏物。千万别用它来擦刀叉或碗碟。 （4）正餐通常从汤开始。在你座前最大的一把匙就是汤匙，它就在你的右边的盘子旁边。不要错用放在桌子中间的那把匙子，因为那可能是取蔬菜可果酱用的。 （5）在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任何一道菜。女主人通常要等到每位客人都拿到菜后才开始。她不会像中国习惯那样，请你先吃。当她拿起匙或叉时，那就意味着大家也可以那样做了。 （6）如果有鱼这道菜的话，它多半在汤以后送上，桌e69da5e887aae799bee5baa631333234333363上可能有鱼的一把专用叉子，它也可能与吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，总之，鱼叉放在肉叉的外侧离盘较远的一侧。 （7）通常在鱼上桌之前，鱼骨早就剔净了，如果你吃的那块鱼还有刺的话，你可以左手拿着面包卷，或一块面包，右手拿着刀子，把刺拨开。 （8）如果嘴里有了一根刺，就应悄悄地，尽可能不引起注意地用手指将它取出，放在盘子边沿上，别放在桌上，或扔在地下。 此外，我对法国餐桌礼仪的忌讳有些了解，如后： 二、法国餐桌礼仪七忌 答应对方的邀请后如果临时有事要迟到甚至取消约会，必须事先通知对方。赴会时稍迟是可以接受的，但若超过15分钟便会给对方不重视约会的坏印象。在点菜时自己应选定想吃的食物，如果看遍菜牌也没有头绪的话，可请侍应为你推荐餐厅的招牌菜，但要给明确的表示，如想吃海鲜、不吃红肉等，切记事事拿不定主意，只懂说“是但(随便也罢)”的人只会为同台客人添加麻烦。用餐要注意的细节甚多，但其实大部分也是日常的礼仪，只要保持冷静，不做大动作，不出声响或阻碍别人用餐的话已算合格。 1、使用餐具最基本的原则是由外至内，完成一道菜后侍奉收去该份餐具，按需要或会补上另一套刀叉。 2、吃肉类时(如牛扒)应从角落开始切，吃完一块再切下一块。遇到不吃的部分或配菜，只需将它移到碟边。 3、如嘴里有东西要吐出来，应将叉子递到嘴边接出，或以手指取出，再移到碟子边沿。整个过程要尽量不要引别人注意，之后自然地用餐便可。 4、遇到豆类或饭一类的配菜，可以左手握叉平放碟上，叉尖向上，再以刀子将豆类或饭轻拨到叉子上便可。若需要调味料但伸手又取不到，可要求对方递给你，千万不要站起来俯前去取。 5、吃完抹手抹嘴切忌用餐巾大力擦，注意仪态用餐巾的一角轻轻印去嘴上或手指上的油渍便可。 6、就算凳子多舒服，坐姿都应该保持正直，不要靠在椅背上面。进食时身体可略向前靠，两臂应紧贴身体，以免撞到隔壁。 7、吃完每碟菜之后，如将刀叉四边放，又或者打交叉乱放，非常难看。正确方法是将刀叉并排放在碟上，叉齿朝上。 参考资料： 方摩托4月9号09:58分的回答 本回答由提问者推荐

西方的宴客形式，从正式到非正式，远远多于中国。大致说来，他们有以下八种宴请形式：有席位的宴青（seated dinners），自助餐（buffet dinners），正式午餐（luncheons），招待会（receptions），鸡尾酒会（cocktail parties），聚餐会（BYOB and BYOF=Bring your own bottles and bring your own food），野餐 （picnics），茶会 （tea parties）。 从传统习俗上说，中国人请客，不论按长、尊、主、次围桌而坐，满桌丰盛的酒菜，主人频频劝酒，客人谦让礼到。中国人觉得这样的宴客方式才能体现主人的热情和诚恳。另外宴客时崇尚热闹欢快的气氛，讲究面子排场。排场之大，气氛之热闹常常令人叹为观止。 较随便的形式则是主人邀上三五知己，到家中由女主人炒几个菜，小酌一番。这种随便的宴客形式不讲究礼仪，不讲究坐次，不讲究饭菜，只讲气氛的和谐、主人的热诚、主客谈话的投机。当然，近年来西方的一些宴客形式，如酒会、招待会、自助餐或冷餐也会传到中国，但这些多是官方或单位出面组织的宴请形式，平民百姓还少有实行。 其次，中西在宴客的观念上有较大的差异。中国人请客吃饭，重在饭菜本身。宴席上的酒菜一定要丰富多彩。如果做得到，一定是山珍海味，美味佳肴。否则，很难称的上是在请客。中国人宴客时重视饭菜本身起源于中国人的传统价值观念：民以食为天；食色性也。在衣食住行四大生活要素中食为首。 西方人的饮食观念不同于中国人，林语堂先生说，英美人仅以“吃”为对一个生物的机器注入燃料，只要他们吃了以后能保持身体的结识，足以抵御病菌的感染，其他皆再不足道中。由于这一点，英语国家的饮食文化，尤其在烹饪方面不但逊色7a6431333234333363于中国，也远不如法意等国。他们的传统饭菜比较单一乏味。但比较注重营养，力求口味的清淡和膳食的均衡。 中国和英语国家宴客习俗的差异还表现在宴请的礼仪上。中西都讲究正式的宴请活动的坐次安排。西方人请客用长桌，男女主人分坐两端，然后在按男女主宾和一般客人的次序安排座位。中国人传统上用八仙桌。对门为上，两边为偏座。请客时，年长者、主宾或地位高的人坐上座，男女主人或陪客者坐下座，其余客人按顺序坐偏座。在中国，左为尊，右为次；上为尊，下为次；中为尊，偏为次。而在西方，右为尊，左为次。对于餐桌的规矩，西方人进餐用刀叉，中国人用筷子。当然刀叉和筷子的用法都有各自的规矩。 最后，我还要提到中西宴客方面的另一大差异，也就是餐桌气氛上的差异。总的来说是西方餐桌上静，中国餐桌上动。西方人平日好动，挥手耸肩等形体语言特别丰富。但一坐到餐桌上便专心致志的去静静的切割自家的盘中餐。中国人平日好静，一坐上餐桌，便滔滔不绝，相互让菜，劝酒。中国人餐桌上的闹与西方餐桌上的静反映出了中西饮食文化上的根本差异。中国人以食为人生之至乐，所以餐桌上人们尽情的享受这美味佳肴。餐桌上的热闹反映了食客发自内心的欢快。西方人以饮食为生存的必要条件，他们自然要遵守某些规范，以保证机器的正常运转。参考资料：传新社区-陕西师范大学新闻与传播学院主办 参考资料： http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/13002923.html

One, two different diet idea Contrast notice "flavour" Chinese food, western is a rational diet idea. Whatever food color, fragrance, taste, shape how, and nutritional must be guaranteed, pay attention to how many calories a day to absorb vitamin, protein, etc. Even if taste machine-made, also must continue to eat -- because nutritious. This diet idea with western whole philosophy system is adaptable to. Metaphysics is the main characteristics of western philosophy. Western philosophy has been the object of study for what reason, what reason is often metaphysical academic, metaphysical academic mutual coherent, then form the metaphysical philosophy. This philosophy to western culture with life and make in natural science, psychology and methodology realized by leaps and bounds development. But in other ways, this kind of his philosophy greatly up side effect, such as the diet culture. In the banquet on, can exquisite tableware, exquisite makings, pay attention to service, exquisite cuisine of raw material of form, color aspect collocation; But no matter how luxurious high-grade, from Los Angeles to New York, steak is only a kind of taste, without art at all. As dishes, chicken is chicken, beef steak is steak, in spite of collocation, it is also in pan, a dish "French sheep row", while puts the mashed potatoes, beside lean on lamb chops, the other side cooked beans, add with some slices tomatoes becomes. On colour contrast, but in taste on various materials on each other, mediate, each is different flavour, simple and clear. Chinese people are very seriously "eat", "saying" the old adage that we eat to see more with the days just as important. Due to our national thousands of years in the low level of productivity, people always do not have enough to eat, so would have a unique eat to see everything diet culture, I think, this will probably be out of a survival needs it. If a cultural ate as the primary thing then will appear two phenomena: on the one hand may perceive this eat function to acme, not only survive, also use it to maintain a healthy, this also is the "diet cures more than the doctor" cultural basis; On the other hand, to eat excessively attention, can make the person praise highly of delicious pursuit. In China, the cookery pursuit of delicious reached almost acme, that Chinese overseas to make a living, with open restaurant for a possession, and around the world has become our living fundamental!e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad9431333264623932 Unfortunately, when we put the pursuit of delicious as the first requirement, we are neglecting food most fundamental nutrition value, many of our traditional foods are through hot Fried and long time slow cooked Tun to make the dish of nutrients to sabotage, many nutrients are loss in the machining process. Therefore say to nutrition problems, actually gets to the biggest weakness of Chinese food culture. Folk have a saying "saying, food to taste first". Is this kind of delicious pursuit, but we ignore the real meaning of dinner. Chinese in tasting food, often can say this dish "yummy", that is "is not good;" However, if want to further ask what call "delicious", why "yummy", "yummy" where, I'm afraid it's not easy made myself clear. This shows that the Chinese to diet of pursuit is a kind of difficult to explain in words "mood", namely, use people say normally "color, aroma, taste and shape, implement" to the "state" materialize and I'm afraid is still difficult to cover it. The Chinese diet is has its distinctive charm, the key lies in its flavour. And delicious produced, is mixed, want to make food BenWei, heating later ripe flavour, plus ingredients and accessories flavors and condiment harmonic of flavour, interweave fusion coordinated together, make the complement each other mutual infiltration and cozy, we are inseparable. Chinese cooking cultured harmonic beauty, is China culinary art the right place. Its shape and color is external things, and taste is the insides of, heavy internal and not decorate painstakingly appearance, the heavy food taste without getting too revealed dishes of shape and color, this is China's beautiful sex diet conception of the most important performance. In China, the beautiful sex pursue apparently diet, the diet overwhelmed the rational view and the traditional philosophy thought is matched. As eastern philosophy representing Chinese philosophy, its remarkable characteristics is macro, intuitive, fuzzy and unpredictable. Chinese food is mixed the method of making paper, is ultimately to ding concocted a good taste. The cultured is discretion is overall coordination. It contains rich Chinese philosophy thought of dialectics, everything with food taste of beauty, humorous is moved for degrees, degrees of protean determines the Chinese dishes rich and abound change, decided the Chinese cuisine cooking characteristics and even every cook characteristics. Second, the differences between Chinese and western diet object Westerners believe that food is to appease hunger, so only eating of meat, the entire block chicken "hard food." While Chinese cuisine is "taste", so the Chinese cooking, with makings also show great arbitrariness: many westerners as the outcast things in China are extremely good materials, foreign cook cannot handle things, to a Chinese chef hands, it can be changed decayed for magical. It serves to show the Chinese diet in materials and randomness of the rich. According to western plants scholars of investigation, the Chinese eat the plants of the 600 many more than six times, western. In fact, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are ordinary food, volunteers only in holidays or the life level is higher, did not enter the normal diet, so since ancient times will have "vegetable food" say, food food in the usual diet dominant. Chinese with plants as the main dish, and has thousands of buddhist the advocacy of silk ties. Wisp million They viewed the animals as "creatures", and plants, "no spirit", so, advocated vegetarianism. Westerners about their country's food characteristic, feel more attention than China nutritional reasonable collocation, have relatively developed food industry, such as cans, fast food, although taste machine-made, but save time and good nutrition, so their country's human body is generally Chinese robust: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and developed muscles, But Chinese figure appears narrow thin, shoulder, color yellow qualitative short legs weakened. Someone according to the western diet object the obvious differences in this one characteristic, the Chinese call plants disposition, westerners called animal character. Third, the different ways of diet Chinese and western diet is very different ways, and the difference of national character may also be affected. In China, any banquets, whatever the purpose, will only have a kind of form that is what everyone round and round round, sharing a meal. Banquet with round, it from formally has created a unity, polite, altogether fun atmosphere. A table delicacies in the center, it is both a table people appreciate, tasting objects, again is a table of emotional communication medium. People drink a toast, mutual dishes for each other, persuaded dishes, the good things in front, manifests people between mutual respect, comity of virtue. Although from health perspective, means of this kind of food have obvious deficiency, but it meets our national "happy," the general state of mind, reflecting Chinese classical philosophy "and" this category in offspring thoughts influence, facilitate collective emotional communication, thus has difficult to reform. Western-style food and wine catering, although very important, but actually it is as setoff. The party is the core of companionship, through and conversation between neighbour guest, achieve the purpose of companionship. If the party fellowship sex and dance similar than, then may say that, Chinese style banquets like ballroom dancing, and banquet is like men's and women's dancing. Therefore, Chinese style banquet and banquet companionship purpose are obvious, only Chinese style banquet is reflected morely feast, and fellowship western banquet guests between adjacent more embodies in the companionship. With the Chinese diet differences between them more visibly of popular western buffet. This method is: will all food -- displayed, everyone need, need not fixed in his seat, eat, ambulate freedom, this way facilitate emotional communication between individuals, need not be all words on the table, but also showed westerners to personality, self respect. But each eat each, each interferes missing some Chinese chat huan jihs emotional appeal. So, in the final analysis or perceptual and rational differences. However, these differences seems to be with the development of science and become blurred. More and more Chinese people with no longer only paying attention to food color, fragrance, taste, and pay more attention to its health and nutrition. Especially after SARS later. Also, people because more and more busy job, think Chinese food do up too much trouble, as to a hamburger and convenient. So in the diet differences were not too clear. 本回答由提问者推荐

The Chinese restaurant is an important to the communicative behavior. Generally a person pays around tables, together with a round, chat, and facilitate exchanges and communication. Generally eaten several meal drink wine, a few times, is an important measure of friendship. Table, apparently facilitate communication between the best way for the dinner, communicative dining culture.Western restaurant, but also communication occasions of communication is one. A square table width but about one meter, opposite and guests. Conversation with eyes, sincere. Incidentally, the European people are staring eyes, never distracted. If the other side to side, the other side, or respond sideways while others are speaking with will be considered for people not respect. Square table is just to solve this problem. 找不到更多的了，你多等等吧，说不定别的网友有比我636f7079e799bee5baa631333264623932更好的答案，希望你满意吧。

一共有2片 一是中外交往礼仪的七不同 二是中外礼仪差异及原因分析希望对你有用吧 ~\(≥▽≤)/~啦啦啦======================华丽丽的分割线=============================中外交往礼仪的七不同《礼记·曲礼上》说：“入境而问禁，入国而问俗，入门而问讳”。由于文化背景的不同，导致在具体礼仪上有很多截然不同的地方。具体来说有七个方面，必须首先有所了解，才能更便于交流、沟通和合作。1、对待赞美 我们和西方人在对待赞美的态度上大不相同。别人赞美的时候，尽管内心十分喜悦，但表面上总是表现得不敢苟同，对别人的赞美予以礼貌的否定，以示谦虚：“还不行！”、“马马虎虎吧！”、“那能与你相比啊！”、“过奖了！”等。 而西方人对待赞美的态度可谓是“喜形于色”，总是用“Thank you”来应对别人的赞美。 2、待客和做客 我们和人相处的时候，总是习惯从自己的角度去为别人着想。这表现在待客和做客上，尽责的客人总是尽量不去麻烦主人，不让主人破费，因而对于主人的招待总是要礼貌地加以谢绝。比如，主人问客人想喝点什么，客人一般会说“我不渴”或“不用麻烦了”；主人在餐桌上为客人斟酒，客人总要加以推辞，说“够了，够了”，而事实上，客人并不一定是不想喝，往往只是客气而已。所以，称职的主人不会直接问客人想要什么，而是主动揣摩客人的需求，并积极地给予满足。在餐桌上，殷勤好客的主人总是不停地给客人劝酒劝菜。所以，中国人的待客和做客场面往往气氛热烈：一方不停地劝，另一方则不停地推辞。 而外国人特别是西方人，无论是主人还是客人，大家都非常直率，无需客套。当客人上门了，主人会直截了当地问对方“想喝点什么”；如果客人想喝点什么，可以直接反问对方“你有什么饮料”，并选择一种自己喜欢的饮料；如果客人确实不想喝，客人会说“谢谢！我不想喝”。在餐桌上，主人会问客人还要不要再来点，如果客人说够了，主人一般不会再向客人劝吃请喝。3、谦虚和自我肯定 我们一直视谦虚为美德。不论是对于自己的能力还是成绩，总是喜欢自谦。如果不这样可能会被指责为“不谦虚”、“狂妄自大”。比如，中国学者在作演讲前，通常会说：“我学问不深，准备也不充分，请各位多指教”；在宴会上，好客的主人面对满桌子的菜却说：“没有什么菜，请随便吃”；当上司委以重任，通常会谦虚地说：“我恐怕难以胜任。” 而外国人特别是西方人没有自谦的习惯。他们7a6431333264623932认为，一个人要得到别人的承认，首先必须自我肯定。所以，他们对于自己的能力和成绩总是实事求是地加以评价。宴请的时候，主人会详尽地向客人介绍所点菜的特色，并希望客人喜欢；而被上司委以重任的时候，他们会感谢上司，并表示自己肯定能干好。4、劝告和建议 无论是中国人，还是西方人，都喜欢向自己的亲朋好友提一些友好的建议和劝告，以示关心和爱护。但中西方人在提劝告和建议的方式上却有很大区别。 中国人向朋友提建议和劝告的时候，往往都非常直接，常用“应该”、“不应该”，“要”、“不要”这些带有命令口气的词。比如，“天气很冷，要多穿点衣服，别感冒了！”、“路上很滑，走路要小心！”、“你要多注意身体！”、“你该刮胡子了！”、“你该去上班了！”等。 西方人在向亲朋好友提劝告和建议的时候，措词非常婉转，比如，“今天天气很冷，我要是你的话，我会加件毛衣”、“你最好还是把胡子刮了吧。”一般来说，双方关系越接近，说话的语气越直接。但即使是最亲密的人之间，也不会使用像我们那样的命令语气。否则，会被认为不够尊重自己独立的人格。5、个人隐私权 西方人非常注重个人隐私权。在日常交谈中，大家一般不会涉及对方的“私人问题”。这些私人问题包括：年龄、婚姻状况、收入、工作、住所、经历、宗教信仰、选举等。同时，人们还特别注重个人的私人生活空间。别人房间里的壁橱、桌子、抽屉，以及桌子上的信件、文件和其他文稿都不应随便乱动、乱翻(如果需要借用别人物品，必须得到对方的许可)。假如别人在阅读或写作，也不能从背后去看对方阅读和写作的内容，即使对方只是在阅读报纸或杂志。 空间距离上也很在意。即使在公共场所，大家都十分自觉地为对方留出一定私人空间。比如，排队的时候他们总是习惯和别人保持1米以上的距离。 我们的个人隐私观念比较淡薄。特别是在亲朋好友之间，大家喜欢不分你我，共同分享对方的私人生活。另外，长者往往可以随意问及晚辈的私人生活，以显示关心。6、时间安排 西方人大多时间观念很强，日程安排很紧凑。如果要拜会或是宴请西方人，一定要提前预约，预约时间通常在一周以上。如果你没有预约而突然拜访或是临时约请对方，对方一般会拒绝你。而且，对于工作时间和个人时间有严格的区分。如果是工作交往，应选择在对方的工作时间里进行；如果是私人交往，就要选择在对方下班的时间里进行。 另外，时间上，忌讳日期13和星期五。特别既是13号又是星期五的日子，往往不安排任何外出事宜。 而我们很多人的时间观念不是太强。没有预约的突然造访和临时约请都相当普遍，即使提前预约也往往在一周以内。 另外，职业人在时间分配上往往公私不分，下班以后谈公事或是上班时间谈私事都是寻常之事。7、礼尚往来 西方人(除拉美人)不是很重视礼尚往来，尽管他们也常常在节日、生日和拜访时向亲朋好友赠送礼物。他们一般不看重礼品的价值(因而喜欢赠送一些小礼物)，认为向朋友赠送礼物不是为了满足朋友的某种需求，而只是为了表达感情。而中国人大多比较看重礼品的价值，礼品的价值一定程度上代表了送礼人的情意。 另外，在送礼的方式上，东西方也存在明显的差异。西方人在收到礼物的时候，一般要当着送礼人的面打开礼物包装，并对礼物表示赞赏。如果不当面打开礼物包装，送礼人会以为对方不喜欢他(她)送的礼物。 而我们大多不会当着送礼人的面打开礼物包装，除非送礼人要求对方这么做。这么做的目的是为了表示自己看重的是相互间的情谊，而不是物质利益，如果当着送礼人的面打开礼物包装，就有重利轻义的嫌疑。======================华丽丽的分割线=============================中外礼仪差异及原因分析礼仪、是人与人之间交流的规则，是一种语言，也是一种工具。由于形成礼仪的重要根源――宗教信仰――的不同，使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪。中国是四大文明古国之一，中华民族是唯一传承千年的文明和民族。中国的礼仪，始于夏商周，盛于唐宋，经过不断地发展变化，逐渐形成体系。西方社会，是几大古代文明的继承者，曾一直和东方的中国遥相呼应。经过中世纪的黑暗，最终迎来了文艺复兴，并孕育了资本主义和现代文明，产生了现代科技和文化。中西方有着截然不同的礼仪文化。 随着我国改革开放的步伐日益加快，跨国交际日益增多，中西方礼仪文化的差异更是越发显露，这种差异带来的影响也是不容忽视，在中西礼仪没有得到完美融合之前，我们有必要了解这些礼仪的差异。 一、交际语言的差异 日常打招呼，中国人大多使用“吃了吗？” “上哪呢？”等等，这体现了人与人之间的一种亲切感。可对西方人来说，这种打招呼的方式会令对方感到突然、尴尬，甚至不快，因为西方人会把这种问话理解成为一种“盘问”，感到对方在询问他们的私生活。在西方，日常打招呼他们只说一声“Hello”或按时间来分，说声“早上好！”“下午好！”“晚上好！”就可以了。而英国人见面会说：“今天天气不错啊！” 称谓方面，在汉语里，一般只有彼此熟悉亲密的人之间才可以“直呼其名”。但在西方，“直呼其名”比在汉语里的范围要广得多。在西方，常用“先生”和“夫人”来称呼不知其名的陌生人，对十几或二十几岁的女子可称呼“小姐”，结婚了的女性可称“女士”或“夫人”等。在家庭成员之间，不分长幼尊卑，一般可互称姓名或昵称。在家里，可以直接叫爸爸、妈妈的名字。对所有的男性长辈都可以称“叔叔”，对所有的女性长辈都可以称“阿姨”。这在我们中国是不行的，必须要分清楚辈分、老幼等关系，否则就会被认为不懂礼貌。 中西语言中有多种不同的告别语。如在和病人告别时，中国人常说“多喝点开水”、“多穿点衣服”、“早点休息”之类的话，表示对病人的关怀。但西方人绝不会说“多喝水”之类的话，因为这样说会被认为有指手画脚之嫌。比如他们会说“多保重”或“希望你早日康复”等等。 二、餐饮礼仪的差异 中国人有句话叫“民以食为天”，由此可见饮食在中国人心目中的地位，因此中国人将吃饭看作头等大事。中国菜注重菜肴色、香、味、形、意俱全，甚至于超过了对营养的注重，只要好吃又要好看，营养反而显得不重要了。西方的饮食比较讲究营养的搭配和吸收，是一种科学的饮食观念。西方人多注重食物的营养而忽略了食物的色、香、味、形、意如何，他们的饮食多是为了生存和健康，似乎不讲究味的享受。 在餐饮氛围方面，中国人在吃饭的时候都喜欢热闹，很多人围在一起吃吃喝喝，说说笑笑，大家在一起营造一种热闹温暖的用餐氛围。除非是在很正式的宴会上，中国人在餐桌上并没有什么很特别的礼仪。而西方人在用餐时，都喜欢幽雅、安静的环境，他们认为在餐桌上的时候一定要注意自己的礼仪，不可以失去礼节，比如在进餐时不能发出很难听的声音。 中西方宴请礼仪也各具特色。在中国，从古至今大多都以左为尊，在宴请客人时，要将地位很尊贵的客人安排在左边的上座，然后依次安排。在西方则是以右为尊，男女间隔而座，夫妇也分开而座，女宾客的席位比男宾客的席位稍高，男士要替位于自己右边的女宾客拉开椅子，以示对女士的尊重。另外，西方人用餐时要坐正，认为弯腰，低头，用嘴凑上去吃很不礼貌，但是这恰恰是中国人通常吃饭的方式。吃西餐的时候，主人不提倡大肆的饮酒，中国的餐桌上酒是必备之物，以酒助兴，有时为了表示对对方的尊重，喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯的喝。 三、服饰礼仪的差异 西方男士在正式社交场合通常穿保守式样的西装，内穿白衬衫，打领带。他们喜欢黑色，因此一般穿黑色的皮鞋。西方女士在正式场合要穿礼服套装。另外女士外出有戴耳环的习俗。西方国家，尤其是在美国，平时人们喜欢穿着休闲装，如T恤加牛仔服。 当今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化，传统的中山装、旗袍等已退出历史舞台。正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。在平时的市井生活中，倒会看到不少人穿着背心、短裤、拖鞋等不合礼仪的服饰。 礼仪是一种文化，是文化就有纵向的传承和横向的借鉴与融合。随着世界全球化不断加快步伐，经济、文化高速碰撞融合的大背景下，西方文化大量涌进中国，中国传统礼仪也不断受到西方礼仪文化的冲击。如何保护中华民族传统礼仪，并去其糟粕，与西方礼仪进行合理有效的融合，成为人们不断思考和探讨的话题。越来越多的人认识到中西礼仪文化必将会互相渗透，不断发展。 就拿餐饮方面举例。现在中国饮食市场上洋快餐和西餐占了很大的比重，越来越多的人开始尝试和接受这些外来食品。麦当劳几乎代表了一种文化时尚，成为美国文化在餐饮领域的标志。与此同时，法国的贵族文化，英国的绅士文化也随着饮食而涌入中国。随着中西饮食文化的交流，不仅带来了蛋糕、面包、鸡尾酒等西式菜点，也带来了西方一些先进的制作工艺和饮食方法。这些都为古老的中国饮食文化注入了新的活力 。当然我国悠久而灿烂的饮食文化在海外的影响也越来越大，几乎在世界各地都出现了大量的中国餐馆，中国菜日益受到各国人民的欢迎与喜爱。比如北京烤鸭俨然已经成为外国人心中的地道美味。 但是在中西礼仪文化的融合过程中，中国人未免盲目热衷于西方，不自觉中陷入两个误区：其一，是拿西方的礼仪取代我们中华民族的传统礼仪。礼仪是一个民族最具代表性的东西。比如在青年中，举行外国式婚礼、过西方节日等等，都是不容忽视的倾向。对西洋礼仪只是作为民俗知识了解一下无可厚非，如果趋之若骛，就失去了民族的自尊，本民族的传统礼仪也会被淹没。其二，是把礼仪教育的重点集中在操作层面，比如鞠躬要弯多少度，握手要停几秒钟等等。这些问题不是不可以讲，但如果只做表面文章，礼仪就成了空洞的形式主义。 不可否认，当今国际通行的礼仪基本上是西方礼仪。这种现象的原因并不仅仅是西方的实力强大，深层的原因在于西方人价值观的统一，在于西方人对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。这一切与基督教的社会基础密切相关，因为礼仪是宗教的重要活动方式，由于对宗教的虔诚信仰，西方人从小就接受这种礼仪的教育与熏陶，使得礼仪能够自然地表现在人的行为之中。精神与物质、政治与文化的高度契合，使得人们获得高度的自信与优越感，正是西方人的自信与优越感赋予了西方文化强大的感染力，使其礼仪文化被视为世界标准。对照我们现在的中国社会状况，我们与西方的差距是明显的。 中西方礼仪文化的融合，在我们今日中国，更多的还是借鉴西方。但无论是借鉴西方的礼仪，或者是我们是自创一套自己的礼仪系统，这在形式上都不难。难的是我们也能有一个完整的价值体系，有对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。我们借鉴西方礼仪，不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式，更应当借鉴其内在灵魂，只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感，才能确立我们的感染力。民族的复兴不仅是实力的复兴，更是一种文化的复兴。只有别人也认同我们的文化，才能真正使我们的礼仪行于世界。 人无礼则不立，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁。一个礼仪缺乏的社会，往往是不成熟的社会。而一个礼仪标准不太统一甚至互相矛盾的社会，往往是一个不和谐的社会。礼仪，是整个社会文明的基础，是社会文明最直接最全面的表现方式。创建和谐社会，必须先从礼仪开始。中国今天面临前所未有的挑战，无论是物质，精神，文化各个方面，都急迫的需要一套完整而合理的价值观进行统一。而礼仪文化无疑是这种统一的“先行军”，只有认清中西礼仪文化的差异，将二者合理有效的融合，方能建立适合中国当代社会的礼仪文化体系，达到和谐社会的理想 参考资料： 百度一下

The Chinese restaurant is an important to the communicative behavior. Generally a person pays around tables, together with a round, chat, and facilitate exchanges and communication. Generally eaten several meal drink wine, a few times, is an important measure of friendship. Table, apparently facilitate communication between the best way for the dinner, communicative dining culture.Western restaurant, but also communication occasions of communication is one. A square table width but about one meter, opposite and guests. Conversation with eyes, sincere. Incidentally, the European people are staring eyes, never distracted. If the other side to side, the other side, or respond sideways while others are speaking with will be considered for people not respect. Square table is just to solve this problem.找不到了，这些7a6431333264626534行吗？