09月22日, 2014 156次
Hacker is a term used to describe people who use computers. Hacker has multiple meanings. In some programming communities, the term refers to people skilled in computer programming, administration and security with legitimate goals. The word is also used in a derogatory way in some communities to refer to someone who is relatively unskilled in programming. Most people in the popular media and some in the general population use the word hacker to mean what is called in some programming communities a cracker, that is, a someone who partakes in illegal activity or lacks in ethics. 本回答由提问者推荐
People engaged in circumvention of computer security. This is the oldest meaning of the word hacker in the computer context [2] and initially referred to unauthorized use of the telephone network (phreaking). Today, it primarily refers to unauthorized remote computer break-ins via a communication networks such as the Internet (black hats), but also includes those who debug or fix security problems (white hats). A community of enthusiast computer programmers and systems designers, originated in the 1960s around the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)'s Tech Model Railroad Club (TMRC) and MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.[citation needed] This community is notable for launching the free software movement. The World Wide Web and the Internet itself are also hacker artifacts.[3] The Request for Comments RFC 1392 amplifies this meaning as a person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular. The hobbyist home computing community, focusing on hardware in the late 1970s (e.g. the Homebrew Computer Club[4]) and on software (computer games,[5] software cracking, the demoscene) in the 1980s/1990s. The community included Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Bill Gates and created the personal computing industry.[6] Today, mainstream usage mostly refers to computer criminals, due to the mass media usage of the word since the 1980s. This includes script kiddies, people breaking into computers using programs written by others, with very little knowledge about the way they work. This usage is so much predominant in the general public that a large segment of it is unaware that different meanings also exist.This article compares and contrasts the three meanings defined above. There are specific articles about each one of them at Hacker (computer security), Hacker (programmer subculture), and Hacker (hobbyist), respectively. While the use of the word by hobbyist hackers is acknowledged by all three subcultures, and the computer security hackers accept all uses of the word, free software hackers consider the computer intrusion related usage incorrect, and refer to security breakers as “e68a84e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad9431333236396535crackers”.[edit] HistorySee also: Timeline of computer security hacker history A timeline of the noun "hack" and etymologically related terms as they evolved in historical English:c. 1700, originally, "person hired to do routine work," short for hackney "an ordinary horse" (c.1300) later, coach for hire, and taxicab driver (hackie). Early 20th century: hack is one of many slang terms in use by railroaders for a train's caboose.[8] Subsequent spread of this usage from professional rail workers to model rail hobbyists is likely, but not proven. 1950s: amateur radio enthusiasts defined the term hacking as creatively tinkering to improve performance. 1959: hack is defined in MIT's Tech Model Railroad Club Dictionary as "1) an article or project without constructive end; 2) a project undertaken on bad self-advice; 3) an entropy booster; 4) to produce, or attempt to produce, a hack(3)." hacker is defined as "one who hacks, or makes them." Much of the TMRC's jargon is later imported into early computing culture. 1963: The first recorded reference to hackers in the computer sense is made in The Tech (MIT Student Magazine).[9] 1972: Stewart Brand publishes "S P A C E W A R: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the Computer Bums" in Rolling Stone, an early piece describing computer culture. In it, Alan Kay is quoted as saying "A true hacker is not a group person. He's a person who loves to stay up all night, he and the machine in a love-hate relationship... They're kids who tended to be brilliant but not very interested in conventional goals[...] It's a term of derision and also the ultimate compliment." 1980: The August issue of Psychology Today prints (with commentary by Philip Zimbardo) "The Hacker Papers", an excerpt from a Stanford Bulletin Board discussion on the addictive nature of computer use. 1982: In the film TRON, Kevin Flynn (Jeff Bridges) describes his intentions to break into ENCOM's computer system, saying "I've been doing a little hacking here". CLU is the software he uses for this. 1983: The movie WarGames, featuring a computer intrusion into NORAD, is released. A gang of 6 teenagers is caught breaking into dozens of computer systems, including that of Los Alamos National Laboratory.[10] Newsweek features the cover story "Beware: Hackers at play."[11] First Usenet post on the use of the term hacker in the media (CBS News) to mean computer criminal.[12] Pressured by media coverage of computer intrusions, Congress begins work on new laws for computer security.[13] 1984: Steven Levy publishes Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. The book publicizes, and perhaps originates the phrase "Hacker Ethic" and gives a codification of its principles. 1988: Stalking the Wily Hacker, an article by Clifford Stoll appears in the May 1988 issue of the Communications of the ACM and uses the term hacker in the sense of a computer criminal. Later that year, the release by Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. of the so-called Morris worm provoked the popular media to spread this usage. 1989: The Cuckoo's Egg by Clifford Stoll is published, and its popularity further entrenches the term in the public's consciousness
时代是一棵树，过去是汲取营养的根，现在是地表上那一片丰茂与硕果累累。我们嘲笑父辈，说他们在有鱼吃的年代还捉老鼠;在小康社会的今天还捡饭桌上的一粒米;在粮食充裕的时候还舍不得倒掉一碗馊了的菜。在我们的嘲笑中，他们含泪。我们嘲笑父辈，说他们在花甲的年纪都不懂得休憩;在烈日的炙烤下不懂得乘荫纳凉;在儿女已长大的年纪还释不开心怀。在我们的嘲笑中，他们傻笑。我们嘲笑父辈，说他们穿着老土的衣服显朴素;在城里的餐桌上依然吃得一粒不剩;在买菜时拿着皱巴巴的钱讨2毛钱的价。在我们的嘲笑中，他们执着着。当有一天，我们捉襟见肘了，他一声不吭地拿出那些曾被我们鄙视的节俭替我们解了围。他们傻笑着，我们哭了。我们忆起了那些我们忘却的艰辛，那些在田野中抚着枯死的幼苗叹息的时光。我们也终于懂得了父辈们放心不下的原因。他们都曾是面朝黄土背朝天的农民，只是用自己的辛酸晓谕我们那不能忘却的艰辛。他们用辛劳铸就了e799bee5baa6e79fa5e98193e78988e69d8331333363366131我们勤劳民族的智慧，用智慧浇灌了一方硕果累累的沃土。在崛起的东方大地上，我们是太阳，让这智慧之花常开不败的太阳。//用心筑起巢的父辈在用心教会我们成长。我们需要继承与发扬那一轮光辉。//沧海桑田，无法预知的事情，父辈是用勤劳赢取了幸福。//时光流转，幸福连绵，父辈是用甘甜苦涩延续了幸福。//锦江春色，幸福蔓延，父辈在用俭朴唤起那忘却的艰辛。朴实的父辈平实的话只告诉我们：忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身;一个民族，忘记了历史，就意味着背叛，忘记了艰辛，就意味着衰落。在有鱼吃的年代，我们不忘我们曾是一群捕鼠的人。在繁茂的树荫里，我们会成为汲取营养的根。
站内发消息给我，26页，英文的PPT。 本回答由提问者推荐
he term "hacker" has a number of different meanings. Several subgroups with different attitudes and aims use different terms to demarcate themselves from each other, or try to exclude some specific group with which they do not agree. In a computer security context, it is often synonymous with a computer intruder.Paul A. Taylor quotes Steven Levy when describing the hacker ethic as:[7] 1. All information should be free; 2. Mistrust authority--promote decentralization; 3. Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not bogus criteria such as degrees, age, race, or position; 4. You can create art and beauty on a computer; and 5. Computers can change your life for the better.It is common among hackers to use aliases for the purpose of concealing identity, rather than revealing their real names. Members of the network hacking scene are often being stereotypically described as crackers by the academic hacker subculture, yet see themselves as hackers and even try to include academic hackers in what they see as one wider hacker culture, a view harshly rejected by the academic hacker subculture itself. Instead of a hacker – cracker dichotomy, they give more emphasis to a spectrum of different categories, such as white hat (“ethical hacking”e68a84e8a2ade799bee5baa6e79fa5e9819331333236396432), grey hat, black hat and script kiddie. In contrast to the academic hackers, they usually reserve the term cracker to refer to black hat hackers, or more generally hackers with unlawful intentions.
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◆ The Matrix 1 Synopsis: Life in the matrix of a young hacker Neo (Keanu Reeves) found that the real world actually looks normal seems to be some kind of force control, Mourinho will be in network into the matter. Live in the real master of the human rebel Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne), has been wonderful stills in the matrix to find the legendary Savior, so members in the human resistance Trinity (Carrie * Moss) under the guidance of, the two met, under the guidance of Mourinho also Morpheus, back to the real reality, to escape the matrix 黑客帝国1 剧情简介： 在矩阵中生活的一名年轻的网络黑客尼奥(基努·里维斯）发现，看似正常的现实世界实际上似乎被某种力量控制着，尼奥便在网络上调查此事。而在现实中生活的人类反抗组织的船长莫菲斯(劳伦斯·菲什伯恩)， 精彩剧照也一e68a84e79fa5e9819331333332636436直在矩阵中寻找传说的救世主，就这样在人类反抗组织成员崔妮蒂(凯莉·安·摩丝)的指引下，两人见面了，尼奥也在莫菲斯的指引下，回到了真正的现实中，逃离了矩阵,这才了解到，原来他一直活在虚拟世界当中，真正的历史是，在20XX年，人类发明了AI(人工智能)，然后机械人叛变，与人类爆发战争，人类节节败退，迫不得已的情况下，把整个天空布满了乌云，以切断机械人的能源(太阳能)，谁知机械人又开发出了新的能源---生物能源，就是利用基因工程，人工制造人类，然后把他们接上矩阵，让他们在虚拟世界中生存，以获得多余的能量，尼奥就是其中一个。尼奥知道后，也加入了人类反抗组织，在莫菲斯训练下，渐渐成为了一名厉害的“黑客”，并渐渐展露出，与其他黑客的不同之处，让莫菲斯也更加肯定他就是救世主，就在这个时候，人类反抗组织出现了叛徒，莫菲斯被捕，尼奥救出了莫菲斯，但在逃跑过程中，被矩阵的“杀毒软件”特工杀死，结果反而让尼奥得到了新的力量，并复活了，真正的成为了救世主，并把在矩阵无所不能的特工杀死了（删除了） 从此，人类与机械的战争，进入了一个新的时代。 Matrix 2 Neo comes back to finally realize their abilities and mission, in the hit Resurrection at the same time, he became all-powerful savior.The end of the Flying a symbol of the birth of the human superhero: Mourinho will lead Xian Ji to the people, started back on the war machine of the world, and in triumph to end the fighting, but also free of the human body. His mission will be achieved? Mother be so willing to be destroyed by it? In fact, the Reoaded is the truth behind the Neo explore the process of its mission, he should look for their actions an acceptable reason. In the 黑客帝国2剧情简介： 上回说到尼奥终于意识到自己的能力和使命，在中弹“复活”的同时，他也变成了无所不能“救世主”。结尾的“飞升”象征着人类超级英雄的诞生：尼奥将带领锡安基地的人民，打响对机器世界的反击战，并将以胜利者的姿态结束这场战斗，还人类以自由之身。他的使命会实现吗？母体会那么甘心被摧毁吗？ 实际上，整个《重装上阵》是尼奥探寻自己使命背后真相的过程，他要为自己的行动寻找一个可以接受的理由。在上集打败密探史密斯、救出墨菲斯之后，尼奥随同亲密爱人崔尼蒂和其他战友一起，乘坐Nebuchadnezzar号飞船返回地球上最后一个人类据点——锡安基地。在那里，他们和其他自由战士们聚集到了一起，其中包括墨菲斯的甜蜜冤家——奈奥比美眉。另外，基地的政治家们也上场了。 就在这时，母体系统决定“先下手为强”，派遣了为数250000的电子乌贼大军，开始进攻锡安基地，微弱的基地防守力量根本不足以对抗如此强大的机甲兵团，看来人类最后的香火也岌岌可危；当然，墨菲斯他们的飞船上有各种各样的资料，自然少不了中国那几本名为《左传》《史记》之类古籍的电子版本，尼奥他们一下便想到了“围魏救赵”的良招，决定再次潜入母体，从内部破坏它，最后达到消灭机甲兵团的目的。同时，尼奥也想再和“先知”谈一谈，以便更多地了解自己的神圣使命。 可是，“母体取经”的道路注定是凶险多端的：在寻找母体系统内唯一知道系统弱点的“制钥者”的过程中，NEO、墨菲斯和翠尼蒂遇到了前所未有的困难：敌人的能力升级了，数量更是增多了，尼奥的超能力受到致命的挑战，墨菲斯和翠尼蒂对NEO的信心也受到无情事实的打击。究竟尼奥他们能不能完成任务后从母体内部全身而退？锡安基地的命运如何？ Synopsis The Matrix 3: Facing the waves of electronic squid, the human city at stake, such as Morpheus and Trinity and the invaders want to fight to the death. At this point, the savior was Mourinho;s accidental separation of body and mind, which once again caught in the mother in the. Morpheus and Trinity had to return to the mother and the guardian angels to find him. Zion increasingly dangerous situation, the machine but did not because of the attack against the weakened man. At this point, shot by a traitor Antonio blind eyes, still want to hope to achieve predictions. At this time, agents control the prophet Smith, and become more powerful, 黑客帝国3剧情简介： 面对如潮的电子乌贼，人类城市危在旦夕，墨菲斯和崔妮蒂等欲与入侵者决一死战。此时，“救世主”尼奥的身体和思想却意外分离，后者再度陷入到“母体”中。墨菲斯和崔妮蒂也不得不回到“母体”和守护天使一起寻找他。 锡安的局势越来越危险，机器的攻击却丝毫没有因为人类的反抗而减弱。此时，被叛徒射瞎双眼的尼奥，依然想通过希望去实现预言。这时，特工史密斯控制了先知，并变得越来越强大，威胁到了整个"母体"的稳定。在返回锡安的途中，飞船遭到电子乌贼的突袭，崔妮蒂死了，重伤的尼奥来到机器城市。 在和机器的谈判中，机器答应为了人类和机器的共同利益，尼奥去消灭史密斯，而机器不再摧毁锡安。人类迎来新的和平。
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Introduction of Hack Empire
◆e5a48de588b6e79fa5e9819331333234323539 hacker empire 1 plot synopsisIn the near future, a young network hacker (base slave LiWeiSi) discovered looked resembles the normal real world is in factby named "the matrix" computer artificial intelligence systemscontrol, the people look like the animal which he herds to be same. LiWeiSI then searches in the network about "the matrix" all. Afterwardsin a mystical girl (fine Li Cui Nidi) under the guidance saw thehacker organizes the leader (Philippine Si), three people together hasnot stepped onto the resistance "the matrix" battle path. "The Nepali Austria, you have had such dream, your so firmly thing wasreally? Whether you can wake from such dream? You can distinguish thedreamland and the real world difference?" The Nepali Austria regardless of all consequences wants to track down"the matrix" truth - he always hears in the dream to about itswhisper, this is a thing which one kind mystical cannot be known, hecan definitely feel it unlucky is controlling him. "What is the matrix?" The Nepali Austria did not know, but he believedthe silent Philippines, in a fable character, is described theextremely dangerous person to be able to give him the answer. "Nobody can explain white ' Matrix ' Is any, you only havepersonally look." The Nepali Austria is facing other question: He is it? Certainly, whyalthough doesn't know, the Nepali Austria's answer is "is not". Thesilent Philippines's friends fill not agree with his viewpoint. Butother people not that affirmed. Moreover, but also some people protect "the matrix", leads by callousSmith, they are grasping the shocking secret. The Nepali Austria, the silent Philippines and especially Lai Ni mustuse them the life resistance formidable enemy to track down theanswer, to seek oneself. Their each step all is crisis-ridden...... 本回答被网友采纳