09月22日, 2014 150次
Chengde Mountain Resort was the emperor's Summer Palace of the Qing Dynasty in china. 180 km from Beijing. By the emperor palace, royal gardens and magnificent temples. Mountain Resort is located in downtown Chengde to the north, Wulie River west area narrow Chengde Mountain Resort plaque Valley, villa construction layout can be roughly divided into two parts the palace area and park area, garden area can be divided into lakes, plain and mountainous part three. In 72 king Kangxi version of the emperor. Have a house, building, hall, hall, pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, Xuan, vegetarian, temple building of more than one place. China is the three largest ancient building complex, its greatest feature is the garden, in the garden hill. The Mountain Resort was built, the Qing emperor every year a large number of time in dealing with military and political events, receiving foreign envoys and frontier minority political leader. It occurs in a series of important events, important relics and artifacts, become Chinese multi-ethnic unified country finally the formation of historical testimony.The Mountain Resort and the surrounding temples is a closely related organic whole, but also has a different style of strong contrast, Mountain Resort of elegant simplicity, its surrounding temples beautiful decoration. This is the Qing emperor one of important measures in handling ethnic relations. Due to the presence of numerous groups of historical and cultural heritage, the Mountain Resort and the surrounding temples became a national key cultural relics protection units, the ten major scenic spots, and forty-four scenic protection area, Chengde also became the first batch of twenty-four national historical and cultural city. The Mountain Resort and the the Summer Palace in Beijing, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, Lingering Garden in Suzhou and called the four famous gardens. The old version of the television series" Huanzhugege" first, two or three, were shot in Chengde Mountain Resort, Hill's amidst the floor is" wash Fang Zhai". In 2011" China tourism scenic spot among the 100" list, ranked sixty-first.下面是中文：承德避暑山庄曾是中国清朝皇帝的夏宫。距离北京180公里。是由皇帝宫室、皇家园林和宏伟壮观的寺庙群所组成。避暑山庄位于承德市中心区以北，武烈河西岸一带狭长的 承德避暑山庄牌匾谷地上，山庄的建筑布局大体可分为宫殿区和苑景区两大部分，苑景区又可分成湖区、平原区和山区三部分。内有康熙乾隆钦定的72景。拥有殿、堂、楼、馆、亭、榭、阁、轩、斋、寺等建筑一百余处。是中国三大古建筑群之一，它的最大特色是山中有园，园中有山。避暑山庄兴建后，清帝每年都有大量时间在此处理军政要事，接见外国使节和边疆少数民族政教首领。这里发生的一系例重要事件、重要遗迹和重要文物，成为中国多民族统一国家最后形成的历史见证。 避暑山庄及周围寺庙是一个紧密关联的有机整体，同时又具有不同风格的强烈对比，避暑山庄朴素淡雅，其周围寺庙金碧辉煌。这是清帝处理民族关系重要举措之一。由于存在众多群体的历史文化遗产，使避暑山庄及周围寺庙成为全国重点文物保护单位、全国十大名胜、和四十四处风景名胜保护区之一，承德也因此成为全国首批二十四座历史文化名城。避暑山庄与北京的颐和园，苏州的拙政园，苏州的留园并称全国四大名园。旧版电视剧《还珠格格》第一、二、三部，均在承7a64e58685e5aeb931333264653532德避暑山庄取景拍摄，山庄里的烟雨楼就是“漱芳斋”。2011年跻身“中国旅游百强景区”榜单，名列第61位。
The Mountain Resort in Chengde (Chinese: 避暑山庄; pinyin: Bìshǔ Shānzhuāng; literally: Mountain Resort for Avoiding the Heat; Manchu: Halhūn be jailara gurung) or Ligong (Chinese: 离宫; pinyin: Lígōng, the Qing Dynasty's summer palace) situated in the city of Chengde in Hebei Province, China, is the world's largest existing imperial garden.Built between 1703 and 1792, the Mountain Resort took 89 years to complete. It covers a total area of 5.6 km??, almost half of Chengde's urban area. It is a vast complex of palaces and administrative and ceremonial buildings. Temples of various architectural styles and imperial gardens blend harmoniously into a landscape of lakes, pastureland and forests.The Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing Emperors often spent several months a year here to escape the summer heat in the capital city of Beijing and the palace zone in the southern part of the resort was therefore designed to resemble the Forbidden City in Beijing. It consists of two parts: a court in front, where the emperor received high officials, nobles of various minority nationalities, and foreign envoys; and bed chambers in the rear, which were the imperial family's living quarters. Emperor Jiaqing and Xianfeng both died while staying at Chengde in 1820 and 1861 respectively.Scenic spots The Mountain Resort is most famous for the 72 scenic spots which were named by the Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors. Many of the scenic spots around the resort's lake area were copied from famous landscaped gardens in Southern China. For instance, the main building on Green Lotus Island, "Tower of Mist and Rain," (Chinese: 烟雨楼; pinyin: Yānyǔ Lóu) is a copy of a tower in Nanhu Lake at Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province. The resort's plain area also possesses characteristics of the scenery of the Mongolian grasslands. Forested mountains and valleys are dotted with various buildings. This includes a 70 m tall stone Chinese pagoda built in the year 1751 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The pagoda is shaped with an octagonal base, while the pagoda's nine stories are decorated with colorful glazed tiles and the steeple is crowned with a gilded round spire. 希望能帮的到你，祝开心快乐每一e799bee5baa6e4b893e5b19e31333332633661天o(~_~)o
The Imperial Summer Villa of Chengde Introduction The Imperial Summer Villa, located in the city of Chengde in northeastern Hebei province, is China’e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad94e4b893e5b19e31333332633661s largest imperial garden. Twice the size of Beijing’s Summer Palace, construction spanned nearly ninety years, beginning under Emperor Kangxi in 1703 and lasting through the greater part of Emperor Qianlong’s reign. The Imperial Summer Villa often saw use as a de facto second capital as Kangxi set a precedent followed by Qianlong and a succession of other Qing emperors of spending much of the year at the garden. In 1994, the Imperial Summer Villa became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Layout The Imperial Summer Villa covers some 564 hectares featuring well-manicured gardens and over 110 architectural structures surrounded by a 10-km-long outer wall that rises and falls with the surrounding hills. The Imperial Summer Villa can be divided into two sections: a palace section and a garden section. Palace SectionThe palace section is where Qing emperors would dispose of state affairs and live during their stays at the Imperial Summer Villa. A plaque inscribed with four characters by Emperor Kangxi hangs above the vermilion front gate. Bi Shu Shan Zhuang it reads, or “Mountain Villa to Flee the Summer Heat”. Walking through the gateway, Danbomingcheng comes into view, or the “Hall of Simplicity and Reverence”. The name comes from an ancient Chinese saying roughly translated as, “Only a simple lifestyle can help one realize his true life-goal.” Also known as Nanmu Hall, because it was built with nanny, a fragrant, fine-grained hardwood unique to China, the hall was used by the emperor to carry out official state business.Behind Danbomingcheng, stands Yanbozhishuang Hall, or “Cool on a Misty Lake” Hall, which was used as the emperor’s living quarters. Today, most of the hall has become a museum with Qing relics and artwork on exhibit. Visitors are rewarded with a glimpse into the lifestyle of Qing royalty. Other famous halls in the palace section include Wanhesongfeng, which stands by the lakeside, encircled by pine trees, and was used as an imperial study, and Songhezhai, which housed the emperor’s mother as well as his concubines.Garden SectionThe garden section can be further divided into a lake section, plains section, and mountain section.Lake SectionThe lake section is north of the palace section and covers about 80 hectares. Unlike the Summer Palace’s Kunming Lake, which is an open expanse of water, the lakes here are smaller, more-complicated, interconnected affairs, and come in a variety of shapes and sizes and feature islets, causeways, bridges, pavilions, etc. One of the most beautiful sites in the lake section is the “Moon Color and River Sound” Islet. When night falls, the surrounding waters shimmer with moonlight. It is so peaceful and picturesque. The lakeside buildings were designed in the style of southern Chinese architecture, and look transplanted from Jiangsu or Zhejiang. Flatland SectionThe flatlands north of the lake section are covered with both grassland and forest. There are no buildings here with the exception of a few Mongolian yurts. The southwest corner of this section was devoted to horse riding. Emperor Qianlong often entertained Mongolian princes here, with barbeque dinners, wrestling, horse racing, and archery. He also hosted grand banquets here for such distinguished guests as the sixth Panchen Lama and envoys from foreign countries. Mountain SectionFour-fifths of the Imperial Summer Villa is mountainous, sloping down from the northwest to the southeast. The mountain section is merely the most mountainous area. Sites to visit here include the Qingchui Sunset Glow Pavilion, which offers gorgeous views of Qingchui Peak at sunset, which glows under the golden rays of the setting sun. The most breathtaking pavilion of the entire garden is perhaps the Snow Covered South Mountain Pavilion. Located high on a mountain in the garden, it offers panoramic views that include the entire Imperial Summer Villa, much of the surrounding countryside, and downtown Chengde. ( Text by Han Yueling and Allen Chai)
The Imperial Summer Villa of Chengde Introduction The Imperial Summer Villa, located in the city of Chengde in northeastern Hebei province, is China’e69da5e887aae799bee5baa631333332633661s largest imperial garden. Twice the size of Beijing’s Summer Palace, construction spanned nearly ninety years, beginning under Emperor Kangxi in 1703 and lasting through the greater part of Emperor Qianlong’s reign. The Imperial Summer Villa often saw use as a de facto second capital as Kangxi set a precedent followed by Qianlong and a succession of other Qing emperors of spending much of the year at the garden. In 1994, the Imperial Summer Villa became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Layout The Imperial Summer Villa covers some 564 hectares featuring well-manicured gardens and over 110 architectural structures surrounded by a 10-km-long outer wall that rises and falls with the surrounding hills. The Imperial Summer Villa can be divided into two sections: a palace section and a garden section. Palace SectionThe palace section is where Qing emperors would dispose of state affairs and live during their stays at the Imperial Summer Villa. A plaque inscribed with four characters by Emperor Kangxi hangs above the vermilion front gate. Bi Shu Shan Zhuang it reads, or “Mountain Villa to Flee the Summer Heat”. Walking through the gateway, Danbomingcheng comes into view, or the “Hall of Simplicity and Reverence”. The name comes from an ancient Chinese saying roughly translated as, “Only a simple lifestyle can help one realize his true life-goal.” Also known as Nanmu Hall, because it was built with nanny, a fragrant, fine-grained hardwood unique to China, the hall was used by the emperor to carry out official state business.Behind Danbomingcheng, stands Yanbozhishuang Hall, or “Cool on a Misty Lake” Hall, which was used as the emperor’s living quarters. Today, most of the hall has become a museum with Qing relics and artwork on exhibit. Visitors are rewarded with a glimpse into the lifestyle of Qing royalty. Other famous halls in the palace section include Wanhesongfeng, which stands by the lakeside, encircled by pine trees, and was used as an imperial study, and Songhezhai, which housed the emperor’s mother as well as his concubines.Garden SectionThe garden section can be further divided into a lake section, plains section, and mountain section.Lake SectionThe lake section is north of the palace section and covers about 80 hectares. Unlike the Summer Palace’s Kunming Lake, which is an open expanse of water, the lakes here are smaller, more-complicated, interconnected affairs, and come in a variety of shapes and sizes and feature islets, causeways, bridges, pavilions, etc. One of the most beautiful sites in the lake section is the “Moon Color and River Sound” Islet. When night falls, the surrounding waters shimmer with moonlight. It is so peaceful and picturesque. The lakeside buildings were designed in the style of southern Chinese architecture, and look transplanted from Jiangsu or Zhejiang. Flatland SectionThe flatlands north of the lake section are covered with both grassland and forest. There are no buildings here with the exception of a few Mongolian yurts. The southwest corner of this section was devoted to horse riding. Emperor Qianlong often entertained Mongolian princes here, with barbeque dinners, wrestling, horse racing, and archery. He also hosted grand banquets here for such distinguished guests as the sixth Panchen Lama and envoys from foreign countries. Mountain SectionFour-fifths of the Imperial Summer Villa is mountainous, sloping down from the northwest to the southeast. The mountain section is merely the most mountainous area. Sites to visit here include the Qingchui Sunset Glow Pavilion, which offers gorgeous views of Qingchui Peak at sunset, which glows under the golden rays of the setting sun. The most breathtaking pavilion of the entire garden is perhaps the Snow Covered South Mountain Pavilion. Located high on a mountain in the garden, it offers panoramic views that include the entire Imperial Summer Villa, much of the surrounding countryside, and downtown Chengde. ( Text by Han Yueling and Allen Chai) 本回答由网友推荐
The Mountain Resort in Chengde (Chinese: 避暑山copy庄百; pinyin: Bìshǔ Shā度nzhuāng; literally: Mountain Resort for Avoiding the Heat; Manchu: Halhū问n be jailara gurung) or Ligong (Chinese: 离宫; pinyin: Lí答gōng, the Qing Dynasty's summer palace) situated in the city of Chengde in Hebei Province, China, is the world's largest existing imperial garden.Built between 1703 and 1792, the Mountain Resort took 89 years to complete. It covers a total area of 5.6 km
Chengde Summer Resort Chengde Summer Resort is in the northern part of Chengde City, Hebei Province. Chengde Imperial Palace, also known as the Rehe Palace, is within the resort. The palace, covering an area of 5.64 million square meters and including 110 buildings with a combined floor space of 100,000 square meters, was where Qing emperors spent their summer days. Work on the palace began in 1703 and was completed in 1792. With a 10-kilometer-long zigzag palace wall, the resort is the largest intact imperial garden and palace in China. It was included in the UNESCO world heritage list in 1994. The Summer Resort has a simple and elegant layout. It was built by the natural mountains and rivers and copying the landscape from southern Jiangsu Province and outside of the Shanhaiguan. The palaces in this large-scale imperial garden were built in a style of quadruple courtyards, with blue bricks and tiles. There are two parts to the summer resort-the palace itself and a scenic area. The palace was where the emperor lived, handled state affairs and held celebrations or ceremonies. It is made up of the Front Palace(1), the Pine Crane Temple(2), the Pine-Soughing Valleys(3) and the East Palace(4). The scenic area includes a Lake District, a District of Plains and a Mountainous District. The Lake District reflects the landscape of the fish-and-rice villages in southern Jiangsu Province. The Rehe Springs are located in the northeast corner. The western part of the Plain District illustrates a grassland scene from Inner Mongolia while in the eastern part there are ancient trees like the forests of Greater Xingan Mountain. The densely forested mountainous area is on an undulating landscape. To the northeast of the Summer Resort is a monumental temple complex composed of eight outer temples which were built from 1713to 1789. The temples are Furen Temple(5), Pule Temple(6), Anyuan Tempel(7), Puning Temple(8), Xumi Fushou Temple(9), Putuo Zongcheng Temple(10) and Shuxiang Temple(11). They were built in Han palace style and drew on the architectural styles of ethnic groups such as Mongolian, Tibetan and Ugyur. The Pule, Puning and Xumi Fushou temples are the main structures of the complex. The Hall of Brightness in the Pule Temple which has a double-eave and doom roof is similar to the Hall of Prayer for Bountiful Harvests at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. In the Hall of the Bodhisattva of the Puning Temple there is a 22.23-meter-high Bodhisattva which has 1,000 armsand 1,000 eyes. The statue weighs 110 tonsandis.the highest and largest wood statue in the world. Putuo Zongcheng Temple was modeled on the Potala Palace in Lhasa and is famous as Lesser Potala. Notes: 1.Front Palace 正宫 2.the Pine Crane Temple 松鹤斋 3.the Pine-Soughing Valleys 万壑松风 4.the East Palace 东宫 5.Furen Temple 溥仁寺e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad94e78988e69d8331333231633230 6.Pule Temple 普乐寺 7.Anyuan Tempel 安远寺 8.Puning Temple 普宁寺 9.Xumi Fushou Temple须弥福寿之庙 10. Putuo Zongcheng Temple 普陀宗乘之庙 11. Shuxiang Temple 殊像寺
The Imperial Summer Villa of Chengde 2004-11-17 13:17:51 www.crienglish.com Introduction The Imperial Summer Villa, located in the city of Chengde in northeastern Hebei province, is China’e69da5e887aa7a686964616f31333231633230s largest imperial garden. Twice the size of Beijing’s Summer Palace, construction spanned nearly ninety years, beginning under Emperor Kangxi in 1703 and lasting through the greater part of Emperor Qianlong’s reign. The Imperial Summer Villa often saw use as a de facto second capital as Kangxi set a precedent followed by Qianlong and a succession of other Qing emperors of spending much of the year at the garden. In 1994, the Imperial Summer Villa became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Layout The Imperial Summer Villa covers some 564 hectares featuring well-manicured gardens and over 110 architectural structures surrounded by a 10-km-long outer wall that rises and falls with the surrounding hills. The Imperial Summer Villa can be divided into two sections: a palace section and a garden section. Palace SectionThe palace section is where Qing emperors would dispose of state affairs and live during their stays at the Imperial Summer Villa. A plaque inscribed with four characters by Emperor Kangxi hangs above the vermilion front gate. Bi Shu Shan Zhuang it reads, or “Mountain Villa to Flee the Summer Heat”. Walking through the gateway, Danbomingcheng comes into view, or the “Hall of Simplicity and Reverence”. The name comes from an ancient Chinese saying roughly translated as, “Only a simple lifestyle can help one realize his true life-goal.” Also known as Nanmu Hall, because it was built with nanny, a fragrant, fine-grained hardwood unique to China, the hall was used by the emperor to carry out official state business.Behind Danbomingcheng, stands Yanbozhishuang Hall, or “Cool on a Misty Lake” Hall, which was used as the emperor’s living quarters. Today, most of the hall has become a museum with Qing relics and artwork on exhibit. Visitors are rewarded with a glimpse into the lifestyle of Qing royalty. Other famous halls in the palace section include Wanhesongfeng, which stands by the lakeside, encircled by pine trees, and was used as an imperial study, and Songhezhai, which housed the emperor’s mother as well as his concubines.Garden SectionThe garden section can be further divided into a lake section, plains section, and mountain section.Lake SectionThe lake section is north of the palace section and covers about 80 hectares. Unlike the Summer Palace’s Kunming Lake, which is an open expanse of water, the lakes here are smaller, more-complicated, interconnected affairs, and come in a variety of shapes and sizes and feature islets, causeways, bridges, pavilions, etc. One of the most beautiful sites in the lake section is the “Moon Color and River Sound” Islet. When night falls, the surrounding waters shimmer with moonlight. It is so peaceful and picturesque. The lakeside buildings were designed in the style of southern Chinese architecture, and look transplanted from Jiangsu or Zhejiang. Flatland SectionThe flatlands north of the lake section are covered with both grassland and forest. There are no buildings here with the exception of a few Mongolian yurts. The southwest corner of this section was devoted to horse riding. Emperor Qianlong often entertained Mongolian princes here, with barbeque dinners, wrestling, horse racing, and archery. He also hosted grand banquets here for such distinguished guests as the sixth Panchen Lama and envoys from foreign countries. Mountain SectionFour-fifths of the Imperial Summer Villa is mountainous, sloping down from the northwest to the southeast. The mountain section is merely the most mountainous area. Sites to visit here include the Qingchui Sunset Glow Pavilion, which offers gorgeous views of Qingchui Peak at sunset, which glows under the golden rays of the setting sun. The most breathtaking pavilion of the entire garden is perhaps the Snow Covered South Mountain Pavilion. Located high on a mountain in the garden, it offers panoramic views that include the entire Imperial Summer Villa, much of the surrounding countryside, and downtown Chengde. ( Text by Han Yueling and Allen Chai) 参考资料： http://channels.crienglish.com/travel/content.aspx?cid=1864 本回答被提问者采纳
Chengde, lying in the northeast of Hebei Province, is close to Beijing, about 230 kilometers (140 miles) away, Tianjin, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao. The topography of Chengde is mainly divided into plateau and mountainous regions, including Yanshan, Yinshan and Qilaotushan mountains, as well as the Luanhe, Liaohe, Chaobaihe and Jiyunhe rivers flowing through the city.Chengde, originally called Rehe was once the summer resort capital of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). It holds rich culture related to this history as well as many historic relics dating as far back as the Neolithic Age in this city. Ethnic groups such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qidan, Nvzhen, and Mongolian once led a nomadic existence in this region from the Qin (221BC-206) to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).As one of the first famous historic and cultural cities of the nation, Chengde has plenty of sceneries, with some of them being renowned both at home and abroad. The Mountain Resort and Eight Outer Temples are listed as the world cultural heritage sites, which have contributed towards Chengde being one of famous cities in the world.Both the internal and the external transportation of Chengde are very well developed and although there is only a small-scale airport, chartered flights flying between Beijing and Chengde will provide you more choices for your journey. In addition, railway and road links can connect you to many cities, such as Tianjin, Shenyang, Baotou, Ulanhot, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia, etc. City buses provide a fine and integrated transport service; taxis are also a good choice due to their convenience and inexpensiveness.While traveling in Chengde, you will have the opportunity to taste the unique local dishes and snacks, both of royal and folk flavors due to its historical links. Various hotels, rest houses and leisure places will also provide you with comfort and pleasure during your travels in this wondrous city.By the end of the 17th century the Qing emperors had established their capital at Beijing, and they began to look around for somewhere cool and green to retreat to when the dusty heat of summer set in. They found what they were looking for at Chengde, beyond the Great Wall. Here they created a summer residence, exploiting mountains, woods and other existing natural features to which they added contrived landscapes to make settings for innumerable pavillions, palaces and temples. Construction took a total of 87 years. The buildings and gardens cover an area of 560 hectares, and are surrounded by a wall 10 km. long. Outside the palace walls, to the north and west, a total of 11 temples were built. Manyof them were built in Tibetan style. Divided into eight groups, they became known as the Eight Outer Temples. The main gates of these buildings pointed towards the palace, symbolising the unity of China's various ethnic groups under the central rule of the Qing emperors
http://english.china.com/zh_cn/culture_history/heritages/11023762/20040914/11877501.html要是知不满意的话你再道找找看吧内，应该有很多的。容
The Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengdehttp://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703Brief DescriptionThe Mountain Resort (the Qing dynasty's summer palace), in Hebei Province, was built between 1703 and 1792. It is a vast complex of palaces and administrative and ceremonial buildings. Temples of various architectural styles and imperial gardens blend harmoniously into a landscape of lakes, pastureland and forests. In addition to its aesthetic interest, the Mountain Resort is a rare historic vestige of the final development of feudal society in China. 参考资料： http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1928263.html?md=3
中午的很好找。 英文的你可以直接用翻译软件就可以办到。 本回答由提问者推荐
承德避暑山庄和外八庙是指避暑山庄及周围寺庙，即清朝皇帝的夏宫。其位于中华人民共和国河北省承德市（117:52E 40:59N ）。避暑山庄从康熙四十二年(1703年)开始建造，至1708年已初具规模，后又历经康熙、雍正、乾隆三代皇帝，费时87年，才算基本完工，并在宫外修建了“外八庙”。清朝前期许多重要的政治、军事、民族和外交等国家大事，都在这里处理。因此，避暑山庄就成了北京以外第二个政治中心。而其周围寺庙又是接见外国使节和边疆少e69da5e6ba90e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad9431333264663634数民族政教首领、处理民族关系的地方，对安抚和团结中国边疆少数民族，巩固国家统一起到了重要作用。避暑山庄与周围寺庙构成了紧密关联的有机整体，风格迥异，山庄内朴素淡雅，周围寺庙金碧辉煌。正是由于存在众多历史和文化遗产，使避暑山庄及其周围庙宇成为国家级重点文物保护单位、中国十大风景名胜、首批二十四座历史文化名城之一和风景名胜保护区。并在1994年登录联合国教科文组织的世界文化遗产名录。 避暑山庄又称热河行宫，或称承德离宫,总面积564万平方米，周围宫墙长10公里，总建筑面积10万多平方米，共有建筑120余组，由众多的宫殿以及其它处理政务、举行仪式的建筑构成的一个庞大的建筑群。建筑风格各异的庙宇和皇家园林同周围的湖泊、牧场和森林巧妙地融为一体,(分宫殿区和苑景区两部分。苑景又分为湖泊区、平原区和山峦区),是中国现存最大的皇家园林。避暑山庄不仅具有极高的美学研究价值，同时还保留着中国君主专制社会发展末期的罕见的历史遗迹。康熙和乾隆先后拟定了避暑山庄“三十六景”命名名并题诗，康熙题名均为四字，如烟波致爽、南山积雪、万壑松风、水流云在等，乾隆题名均为三字，如丽正门、采菱渡、松鹤斋、如意洲等，这是区分康熙三十六景和乾隆三十六景的最明显标志。 清朝入关后，其皇帝夏季不愿居住于炎热的北京紫禁城中，因此选择林泉茂盛的空旷之地居住，如北京西苑和南苑。康熙帝即位后，又在北京西郊修建了畅春园和澄心园。为了巩固与蒙古各部落的政治联盟，康熙皇帝还经常北巡至塞外，同蒙古各部王公举行巡幸、木兰秋狝、年班、围班、朝觐等仪式。康熙十六年（1677年）康熙皇帝首次开始北巡，当年在古北口外建设了喀喇河屯行宫，在此召见漠南蒙古各部王公首领，并于1681年，建立了木兰围场（今河北省围场县）。 康熙皇帝的北巡路线一般是出古北口，经滦河至内蒙古。由于皇帝仪仗车马繁多，一天最多只能走40里，沿路人烟稀少，所以在沿路每隔40里修造一座小行宫，80里一座较大的行宫，以为驻跸之所。在北京至木兰围场沿途相继修建了石曹、怀柔、密云、古北口、巴克什营、两间房、热河、钓鱼台、中关、汤山、波罗河屯、济尔哈朗图等一系列行宫。但是这些行宫都是临时落脚的场所，喀喇河屯行宫也过于狭窄。由于当时蒙古王公担心天花的威胁，很少前往北京朝觐皇帝，康熙帝认为喀喇河屯行宫起居不便，限制了对蒙怀柔政策的实施，而该行宫所在的滦河地区“土肥水甘、泉清峰秀”，决定在喀喇河屯行宫附近另外择地修造一座更大的避暑行宫。1701年康熙出喜峰口赴木兰围场行围，回京途中在喀喇河屯行宫附近的武烈河河谷发现一处风景“蔚然深秀”且“旧无人居墓庐”的地区，决定在此建立新的行宫。1711年赐名为“避暑山庄”，并御笔避暑山庄龙匾。 避暑山庄从康熙四十二年(1703年)开始建造，至1708年已初具规模，后又历经康熙、雍正、乾隆三代皇帝，费时87年，才算基本完工，并在宫外修建了“外八庙”。避暑山庄成为清朝皇帝的夏宫，清朝时期许多重大事件都发生在避暑山庄。据说乾隆皇帝出生于避暑山庄外的狮子园（不过乾隆本人否认），嘉庆、咸丰，两位皇帝去世于此；且在咸丰移灵回北京，诱发恭亲王、西太后途中发动辛酉政变，逮捕肃顺。 避暑山庄建成后，由于皇帝几乎每年夏天都要来此一段时间，随行大批官员、官兵、侍卫驻扎在宫外，有的携带家属，宫外逐渐形成集市，酒楼、旅店、妓院、赌场随之开设，逐渐形成一个城市。1729年设热河厅，1733年设承德州，1778年改承德府。 清朝道光时期，由于国势转衰，不得不宣布“秋狝礼废”，不再巡行塞外，并将避暑山庄文物集中于正宫，陆续撤运回北京。此后避暑山庄空锁了近40年，建筑物多有坍塌毁坏。1860年第二次鸦片战争中，咸丰皇帝曾至避暑山庄避难，同治皇帝即位后再次下令停止修葺避暑山庄和外八庙，任其塌废。1911年辛亥革命后，避暑山庄成为热河省政府驻地，先后为热河都统熊希龄、王怀庆等人占据，残存建筑破坏严重，梨花伴月、狮子林、东宫等建筑被毁。1933年日本军队占领热河省，将其并入满洲国，将山庄内残存的13万件文物和铜制建筑“珠源寺宗镜阁”运走，下落不明。1949年之后，中华人民共和国政府对避暑山庄进行了必要的修理和保护，不久之后山庄再度成为热河省政府、承德军分区驻地。1961年3月4日，避暑山庄和外八庙被列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1976年开始了“避暑山庄和外八庙十年整顿规划”，对山庄建筑进行修复，并于1986年开始了第二期十年整顿规划。1994年，避暑山庄和外八庙一起被列为世界文化遗产。 避暑山庄及周围庙宇无论是从建筑学、造园艺术还是政治、经济上都有广泛的意义，这也是使得其成为世界文化遗产之一的重要因素。Mountain Resort in Chengde is a large complex of imperial palaces and gardens situated in the city of Chengde in Hebei Province, China. Because of its vast and rich collection of Chinese landscapes and architecture, the Mountain Resort in many ways is a culmination of all the variety of gardens, pagodas, temples and palaces from various regions of China. Built between 1703 and 1792 during the Qing Dynasty, the Mountain Resort took 89 years to complete. It covers a total area of 5.6 km², almost half of Chengde's urban area. It is a vast complex of palaces and administrative and ceremonial buildings. Temples of various architectural styles and imperial gardens blend harmoniously into a landscape of lakes, pastureland and forests. The Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing Emperors often spent several months a year here to escape the summer heat in the capital city of Beijing and the palace zone in the southern part of the resort was therefore designed to resemble the Forbidden City in Beijing. It consists of two parts: a court in front, where the emperor received high officials, nobles of various minority nationalities, and foreign envoys; and bed chambers in the rear, which were the imperial family's living quarters. Emperor Jiaqing and Xianfeng both died while staying at Chengde in 1820 and 1861 respectively. The Mountain Resort is most famous for the 72 scenic spots which were named by the Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors. Many of the scenic spots around the resort's lake area were copied from famous landscaped gardens in southern China. For instance, the main building on the Green Lotus Island, "Tower of Mist and Rain," (Chinese: 烟雨楼; pinyin: Yānyǔ Lóu) is modeled upon a tower in Nanhu Lake at Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province. The resort's plain area also possesses characteristics of the scenery of the Mongolian grasslands. Forested mountains and valleys are dotted with various buildings. This includes a 70 m tall stone Chinese pagoda, one of the tallest in China, built in the year 1751 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The pagoda is shaped with an octagonal base, while the pagoda's nine stories are decorated with colorful glazed tiles and the steeple is crowned with a gilded round spire. In December 1994 the Mountain Resort was listed by UNESCO on its list of World Heritage Sites. On May 8, 2007, the Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde was approved by the China National Tourism Administration as one of the "5A-class tourist attractions" which represents the highest standards for China's tourist attractions. 参考资料： World heritage list-The mountain resort(No.703), UNESCO 维基百科
1.Imperial Summer Resort 避暑山庄收藏指正 2.Museum of Mountain Hamlet for Escaping Heat, Chengde 承德避暑山庄博物馆收藏指正 3.Mountain Resort and its outlying Temples of Chengde is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province. 承德避暑山庄及其周围寺庙位于河北省承德市。收藏指正 4.There was a forested mountain resort for the former imperial family of the Qing Dynasty, known as “Mountain Hamlet for Escaping Heat”. 服务员:那里有一个过去清朝皇族的山庄，林木茂盛，称为“避暑山庄“。收藏指正 5.In summer, there are many people who come from the different area in the world to visit Summering Manor. 在夏天，有来自世界各地的旅行者参观避暑山庄。收藏指正 6.There are a lot tour resorts there, especially Summering Manor, which is well known in the world. 翻译：1.那里有许多名胜古迹。尤其是避e799bee5baa6e79fa5e98193e58685e5aeb931333332636432暑山庄，它是世界著名的。收藏指正 7.They want to choose one out of these three places Kunming , Mount Lushan , Chengde Summer Resort, the journey is about 10 days. 他们想在昆明、庐山、承德避暑山庄这三个地方选择一处，行程10天左右。收藏指正 8.The historic mountain resort of Chengde is in Hebei province, 250km northeast of Beijing. 具有历史意义的承德避暑山庄在河北省，位于北京的东北方向250公里处。收藏指正 9.The Aves species,type of avifauna, distribution,relative amount,rare species were investigated from 2001 to 2003. And 58 species were recorded,which belong to 13 orders and 33 families. 2001-2003年,对河北省承德市避暑山庄的鸟类物种组成、区系型、居留期、区域分布、相对数量、珍稀种类等进行了调查。收藏指正