初中定语从句讲解

定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。 先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。 复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike. 先行词 关系代词 Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class. 先行词 关系代词 上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句. 一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语. This is the pen which was given by my friend. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 This is the pen which my friend gave to me. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom) The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 She is the girl with whom I went there. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前. 三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom This is the teacher whom\who we like best. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 She is the girl whom\ who I went with there. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前. 四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 The animal that \which is lost is a panda. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 She is the person that \who we are worried about. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that (1) 关系代词前有介词时. This is the hotel in which you will stay. (2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us. 注意2that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which. (1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时 This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. (2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时 He is the last person that I want to see. (3) 主句中已有疑问词时 Which is the bike that you lost? (4) 先行词既有人又有物时 The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station. (5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时 You should hand in all that you have. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I mean the one that you talked about just now. (6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class. Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class. (7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before. 定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语. This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there) 介词短语 副词 =This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子. 先行词 关系副词 in which I was born. 介词+关系代词 which I was born in. 关系代词 这里作介宾的which和that可以省略 that I was born in 关系代词. 练习：用which ，where填空 1 This is the factory where they want to visit。 2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books 3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born? 4 Is this the museum which they visited last month? 5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. 6 The pencil with _which_______ he wrote was broken. 7 Is this the shop _which____ sells children’s clothing? 8 I still remember the sitting-room _where____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. 9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _which____ we have just been to。 10 Please show me the book _which____ you bought yesterday _____. 二 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句 中充当时间状语. He came at a time +we needed help at a time. 介词短语 =He came at a time when we needed help 关系副词 at which we needed help 介词+关系代词 which we needed help at 关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略 that we needed help at 三 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。 如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party. 参考资料： http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/42727250.html 本回答由网友推荐

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习 定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 　　二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 　　三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 　　四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。　（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远（4）关系词只能用that的情况： 　　a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如： 　　What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 　c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如： 　　Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 （2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？ 　-Yes， he’s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _____I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up your hands. A. which agrees B. who agree　C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who’s B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places ______the people are really friendly. 　A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world ______ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。 1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west. 3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _____we live in is very old. 5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？ 　　1. A football fan(球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what3. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. who D. whom7. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. those C. which D. what8. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.A. what B. that C. which D. where10. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which11. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one13. -How do you like the book?-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what15. The train _____ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that18. It’s the third time _____ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived19. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. whom B. who C. when D. because20. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. when B. during that C. in which D. which21. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A. which B. when C. on which D. during which24. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where25. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed42. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A. who B. that C. which D. whom

初中考的较简单地方WHERE 人WHO。/ THAT物品WHICH / THAT

定语从句即用句子来做定语，被修饰或被限制的词称作先行词，例如1.I don't know the girl who is talking there.2.I don't know the girl who you met just now.3.Give me the book that you read just now.4.Give me the book ,which you read just now.5.Give me the pen that you write with.6.Give me the pen with which you write .仔细看句子中的book 和pen就是先行词，他们后面的who that which 就是引导定语从句的关系代词，当先行词是人用who,先行词是物用that,先行词后出现介词或逗号用which.这是一种捷径，细节问题找本语法书慢慢学。

一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1. 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2. 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1. 在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there. 2. 在介词的后面例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.3. 在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week4. 直接与or not连用时例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1. if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.3. 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：1. I don’t know what they are looking for.2. Could you tell me when the train will leave?3. Can you imagine what kind of man he is?四.宾语从句的时态1. 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2. 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.3. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五.宾语从句的特点1. 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2. 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3. 连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4. whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。5. 如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

初中定语从句啊。知道which和that就行了吧。不会很过分的初中内，没有特殊情况，that随便用、除非考了非限制性的

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呵呵，我以前学的也是仁爱版耶！ 中文对定语的定义是：定语是名词（通常是主语或者是宾语）前面的连带成份，用来修饰、限制名词，表示人或事物的性状、数量、所属等。英语中定语修饰先行词，也就是中心词啦。先行词是人就用who， The man who standing here is my uncle.（站在那里的那个男人是我叔叔）先行词是the man ，是指人，所以用who。先行词是人但是作宾语用whom，如He is the 先行词，也就是中心词啦。先行词是人就用who， The man who standing here is my uncle.（站在那里的那个男人是我叔叔）先行词是the man ，是指人，所以用who。先行词是人但是作宾语用whom，如He is the most boring speaker whom I have ever met.（他是我见过的最无聊的演说家）I have ever met是来装饰 speaker，而speaker是作宾语，所以用whom，同时作宾语也可用that引导。你再看看这个句子，主句是he is the most boring speaker，主谓宾都齐全了，是一个完整句子，而从句 whom I have ever met 也可以看作是I have ever met whom，也是一个完整句子。所以总之一句话，主语句型，从句句型，两种的句子成分都要完整。从句要紧靠先行词，用什么关系词要弄清句子里缺的是什么。先行词是人用who 或whom，先行词是物 which当先用。关系代词that用法比较广，先行词是人是物都可以，有时候先行词是人，用who可以，用that也是可以，但一般还是得选who，这样结构比较严谨，that比较不正式。先行词是时间用 when ，先行词是地点用where。初中的英语主要是限制性定语从句，其中要特别记住that跟 which的区别，大概七点左右的区别吧，我相信你们老师一定有讲，我就不多说了，你把笔记拿出来认真地再看看，一定要熟记，记得结合例句呀，实在不行就把例句都背下来。非限制性定语从句，就是主句跟从句有个逗号隔开的如此而已。初中对非限制性定语从句要求不多，你只要看到有逗号隔开的就选which就对了。还有，如果在引导词前面有介词，这时也要选which，如：She'll never forget the day on which she joined theparty. 她将永远都不会忘记她入党的那一天。看到which前面有个介词on没？这个on是从on the day来的， 先行词是the day没错，表示时间，所以也可以用when ，到是用when就不需要加on还有一些固定的搭配，1、the time......when(介词＋which,that) 。如：This is the best time when(at which , that) you visit China. 这是你访问中国的最佳时间。 2、The way......that (which)。如： This is the best way that (in which)we can understand each other. 之所以用in which是由于in each other，不能省略in。。 3、 the season...why. 如 He couldn't give the right season why he was late. 他拿不出迟到的合理理由来。。。再之就是主语和谓语要一致。“the(only) one of＋复数名词”时，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，则从句谓语动词用单数，和 “one of＋复数名词”时，关系代词如果在主句中作主语，则从句谓语动词要用复数。例1：He is the only one of the class who (that) won the first prize.他是班上唯一一个获得一等奖的人。例2：that was the only one of the ships which [ was ] lost in the storm. 那是在那场暴风雨中沉没的唯一一艘船。（1、2从句中的谓语用单数形式）。 3、Xi'an is one of the best cities which (that) are famous for its history. 西安是以历史著称的城市之一。4、That was one of the ships which [ were ] lost in the storm.那是在那场暴风雨中沉没的船中的一艘。（3、4句中从句的谓语用复数）。。初中要掌握的大概也就这么多了，定语从句确实是英语中的一个难点，初中学的都还算是比较容易的了。将来上高中上大学的时候还

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 本回答由提问者推荐

讲解：一、详细的定语从句讲解 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3. 有时as也可用作关系代词4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物三、定语从句结构错误1. 缺关系词2. 从句中缺成分摘自《简明英语语法》在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别： 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 练习：用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6. This is the school ______I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19. This is the way____he did it.20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday. 练习答案：1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that　6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 　11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 　16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句扩展资料：1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.参考资料：定语从句-百度百科

定语从句【知识简介】名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。【要点难点】1)that和which的用法区别只用that的情况：①先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。②先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。③先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。④先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。⑤先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I’ve learned。⑥先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。只用which的情况：①在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。②介词后。请看that和which的使用例句：It’s the best film that’s ever been made on the subject of madness. 这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had. 莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。（本句中先行词虽是人，但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰，仍用that较好）Take the first opportunity that offers. 抓住第一个出现的机会。He is the last person that one would suspect. 人们最不可能怀疑他。Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 只有人类具有语言的天赋。A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees. 一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。Those were the very words that he said at the meeting. 这些就是他在会上说的原话。All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并不都是金子。Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other’s presence. 有话最好当面说。There’s still much that is to be done. 仍然有很多事要做。I have changed my mind. Nothing that you say will change it. 我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake. 这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。Every paper that you read gives the same story. 你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。I still can’t forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation. 我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。2)关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别①关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。②分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。看如下对比例句：①This is the factory where my father once worked. 这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。（worked是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以不用which/that。where相当于in the factory）This is the factory which/that my father once worked in.（worked in的宾语是factory，故用关系代词which/that）②I will never forget the days which/that I spent in the wood near our village. 我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。（the days是spent的宾语）I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents. 我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。（spent的宾语是holidays，不是the days）I will never forget the small village where I spent my holidays. 我忘不了我度假的小村庄。（与上句一样，spent的宾语是my holidays）③Is this the school which/that you visited the other day? 这是你几天前参观过的学校吗？（the school作visited的宾语）Is this the school where you visited your teacher the other day? 这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗？（visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your teacher，所以不用that/which）3)those who和he who句型两个常用句型。He who常用于谚语中。请看例句：He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。God helps those who help themselves. 上帝帮助自强的人。He who insists on seeing with perfect clearness before he decides never decides. 坚持一切看清楚之后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。He was a bold man who first ate an oyster. 第一个吃牡蛎的人是勇敢的人。4)whose的用法whose是关系限定词，既可以指人也可以指物，即既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails. 运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。That's the man whose house has burned down. 那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now? 你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗？He’s written a book whose name I have completely forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我完全忘记了。Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。注：在正式文体中，指物时，whose往往用of which表示。of which可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后，而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：The house whose windows/of which the windows/the windows of which are broken is unoccupied.（那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。）whose前有时有介词。The teacher in whose class my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man. 我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。Michel Croz, with whose help, Woolworth climbed to the mountain top, was one of the prefessional guides. 米歇尔?克罗兹是职业向导之一，在他的帮助下伍德沃斯攀登到了山顶。Then we had a chance to talk with that tall man, from whose accent we at once knew that he came from Hunan Province. 后来我们有机会和那个高个子说话，我们从他的口音迅速知道他是个湖南人。5)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句是先行词（即被修饰词）不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，先行词所述对象仍很清楚，非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。这里有两个例句及分析：Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor. 想去野营的人请告诉班长。（定语从句who want to go camping在句中不可少，否则先行词those不知道指谁，也就变得无意义，因此它是限制性定语从句。）Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 足球风靡全世界，它是一项很有趣的运动。（定语从句which is a very interesting game只是对意义已很明确的football作一个补充说明，因此它是非限制性定语从句。）注意，非限制性定语从句可以用关系代词which, who, whom, whose, as及介词+which/whom等引导，也可以用关系副词when, where引导，但不能用that引导。另外，非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的。6)whom的用法只有作定语从句中的宾语时才能用whom；介词后用whom不用who。口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。My brother, whom you met the other day, has gone abroad. 前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟，出国去了。I have a few friends whom I could ring to see if they are free. 我有几个朋友，我可以打电话去联系，看看他们是不是有时间。You have many people around you who are kind to you but whom you will soon forget. 你周围有许多对你好的人，但你都会很快忘记他们。There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn’t know. 来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。7)介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候，有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面，这样就产生了“介词＋关系代词”及“名词或代词＋介词＋which/whom”或“复合介词＋which/whom”等的结构。I know the man to whom you talked just now. 我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。Life is a flower of which love is honey. 人生是花朵，爱情是花蜜。He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge. 当在当地的一所中学上学，此后就去上了剑桥大学。It’s a family of five children, all of whom are studying music. 这一家有五个孩子，他们都在学音乐。In the attic we found some apples, none of which was fit to eat. 在阁楼里我们发现了一些苹果，其中没有一个能吃的。I have three brothers, all of whom have gone abroad. 我有三个兄弟，他们都出国了。Soon they spotted a mountain, on top of which stood a temple. 不久他们发现了一座山，山顶上有一座庙宇。8)why引导的定语从句关系副词why用在reason之后，只引导限制性定语从句，why在从句中作状语，表示原因。Give me the reason why you should be interested in his affairs. 告诉我你为什么竟对他的事这样感兴趣。The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。That is the reason why he raised the question. 这就是他所以提出问题的原因。注意：有时reason后不一定是why引导的定语从句。如下列句子中，reason后接的是which/that引导的定语从句，这是因为，reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Is this the reason which/that the chairman gave at the meeting? 这就是主席在会上所给的理由吗？I really can’t understand the reason that/which he explained. 我实在无法理解他所解释的理由。9)where引导定语从句有时修饰一些具有抽象意义的表示地点的名词，如situation, point, position等等。If you are ever in a situation where someone starts shooting, drop to the ground. 如果你遇到有人要射击的情况就摔倒在地上。But after a few days’ stay they got to the point where they could read each other's thoughts. 不过呆了几天之后，他们到了一个彼此能理解相互想法的阶段。It got to the point where I couldn't remember any of the reasons I loved him. 到那时候，我无法记起我爱他的任何理由了。10)the way后的定语从句The way后的定语从句用in which引导，in which可以用that代替，而that又可以省略。所以，表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式：1. the way in which somebody does something 2. the way that somebody does something 3. the way somebody does something.11)which指代前面的句中的内容which的这一用法只能以非限定性定语从句出现。Jenny was late for school a third time during the week, which made her teacher very angry. 詹妮一周内第三次迟到了，这使得她老师很生气。?He left early, which was wise. 他早早地离开，那是很明智的。He suddenly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life. 他忽然变得富有了，这改变了他整个的生活方式。He often helps me with my lessons, which is kind of him. 他经常在功课方面帮助我，真是感谢他。12)which作关系限定词的情况which作为关系限定词时，其本身代替前面所陈述的内容。She asked me to see the doctor, which advice I took at once. 她要我去看医生，我立即采纳了她的建议。He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today. 他正在攻读经济学，这门知识在今天是非常重要的。He believes in students’ doing more homework, which idea I am quite opposed to. 他相信要让学生做更多的家庭作业，我非常反对这个观点。which的这种用法常伴随介词而用。常见的词组形式有by which means, during which time, in which case, for which mistake, for which reason等等。She may have missed the train, in which case (=if this happens) she won't arrive for another hour. 她也许没赶上火车，如果那样的话，她一小时是到不了的。I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize. 我叫错了他的名字，为此我道歉。He didn’t feel well that morning, for which reason he didn’t attend school. 那天早晨他感到不舒服，因此，他没去上学。Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. 汤姆在大学上了四年学，在这段时间里，他学会了法语。13)as用法关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。（1）as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句，as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾；as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。（2）用于as … as, the same … as, so … as, such … as等结构中。as用法的第一种情况：As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳旋转。He must be an African, as may be seen from the colour of his skin. 他准是个非洲人，这可以从他的肤色看得出来。If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, we’ll not receive him. 如果他再一次像以往那样迟到，我们就不接待他了。She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. 她是个很出色的歌唱家，像她的母亲当年一样。As you will find out, all is now settled. 你会发现，现在一切都解决了。Helen is somewhat crazy, as everyone could see. 海伦有些神经错乱，这种情况每个人都看得出。注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法相似，但as引导的定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“（正）像……、（正）如……”及类似的意思。一般说来，当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时，which和as可交替使用；当关系代词在从句中作一般动词（非be动词）的主语时，只能用which；as可置于句首、句中，而which则不能。例如：He was late for school, as/which was usual with him. 他上学迟到了，他经常这样。He saw the girl, as/which he had hoped (he would). 他见到了那位姑娘姑娘，正像他希望的那样。He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他见到了那位姑娘，这使得他很开心。（句中的which不能用as代替，因为从句中的delighted是非be动词）As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 正如上面所说的那样，语法不是一套死的规则。（句中的As不能用Which代替，因为此定语从句置于句首）as用法的第二种情况：There’s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it. 海里有的是鱼；天涯处处有芳草。Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. 这是一块没人能搬动的大石头。Her manner and attitude toward him were quite the same as they had always been. 她对他的举止和态度和往常是完全相同的。He does not possess such a mind as is necessary to a scientist. 他缺乏科学家所必须具备的头脑。Such food as they gave us was scarcely fit to eat. 他们给我们的食物很不适合吃。A man such as he will surely succeed. 像他这样的人是肯定会成功的。I haven’t much money but you can use such as I have. 我钱不多，可你能用我所有的钱。Such as you see is all we have. 你所见到的就是我们所有的东西。14)介词+whom/which + to do的类定语从句结构的不定式用法This is a useful tool with which to cut steel. 这是可以用来切割钢材的工具。Can you recommend someone from whom to learn how to use the software? 你能推荐一个可以向他讨教使用这一软件的人吗？It’s not a room in which to live comfortably. 这不是可以舒适居住的房间。这一结构的介词位置固定，不可移到动词之后，如第一句中的with which to cut steel不可改成which to cut stell with。15)嵌入式定语从句有一种定语从句，在其从句中的主语和谓语之间有一个插入语如I think。这一种定语从句叫做嵌入式定语从句。嵌入的分句的谓语动词常常是think, believe, guess, imagine, say, suppose, be sure, doubt等等。She offered a suggestion which she said would interest you. 她提出一个她说一定会引起你兴趣的建议。He wrote letters to every person and organization that he believed might be able to help. 他写信给每个人和每个组织，他相信可能有帮助。That is the engineer who I think is the right man chosen for the job. 那位就是我认为适合被选派做这项工作的工程师。 本回答被网友采纳

定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。

定语从句是什么东西，可以去看看吧，你自己看看你的

对于初中定语从句的学习或讲述，个人觉得按照以下几方面来学习可能会好一点：首先是理解句子成分。很多学生之所以听不懂老师讲的一些复杂的语法，很大一部分原因在于不知道什么叫做主语、定语、表语、宾语等等这些基本的概念。这几基本的知识不掌握，即使老师讲述的再精彩，学生可能听得也是稀里糊涂。如果能够弄明白这些基本的概念，再去听老师讲解比较复杂的语法，就容易很多，而且以后有错题时，学生就可以自己弄明白参考答案找那个的语法分析。然后是定语从句的引导词讲解。让学生弄明白每个引导词在句子中能够充当的成分、能够指代的东西及一些特殊的用法。最后就是实践了。在掌握以上两点的基础上，找一些例题进行剖析。先分析主句的结构，弄明白从句在主句中做什么成分；再分析每个从句中引导词的充当成分；最后就是根据不同引导词的作用来确定答案。若有帮助，望采纳。