中美文化差异英文版

Differences between Chinese and American culture We might think that Chinese and Americans are totally different people. Not only the way they look different, but also the different cultures. So, what are the differences between Chinese and American culture? Most Chinese families like to cook the meals at home. The family members sit around the table and share the dishes on the table together. Even when they are having their meals in restaurants, they eat in the same way too. But in America, just part of the Americans have their meal at home with their family members. For example, partings for the Chinese involve a certain amount of ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship. The Chinese feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point-----down flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop. Any protests are to no avail, through you had said “Don’t bother to see me off” ritual at every landing. If you try to go fast to discourage the hosts from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after you. Better to accept the inevitable. On the contrary, for American people, they just said “goodbye” and go back to do other work. Another difference is what do you say when you part from someone? “Go slowly.” Not farewell or Godspeed, but “go slowly”. To the Chinese it means “Take care.” or “Watch your step.” Or some such caution, but translated literally it means “Go slow.” American and Chinese culture in the responses for a hostess are at polar opposites. An American hostess, complimented for her culinary skills, is likely to say, “Oh, I’m so glad you liked it, I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese host or hostess(often the husband does the fancy cooking), who will instead apologize profusely for give you “nothing” even slightly edible honor by providing proper dishes. 补充： The same rules hold true with regard to children. American parents speak proudly of their children’s accomplishments, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor well. Not so Chinese parents, whose children ,even if at the top of their class in school, are always so “naughty”, never studying ,never listening to their elders, and so forth. The last and also the most distinctive difference between American culture and Chinese culture is the Chinese take pride in “modesty”; the Americans in “straight forwardness”. That modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts take a “no” to mean “no”, whether it’s the first, second, or third time.采纳哦 本回答被提问者采纳

Mr. Yi Zhongtian was in the "culture of food on the table" in the interpretation of Chinese and Western cultures were subtle ideological core of Chinese culture is the "group consciousness" ideological core of Western culture is the "individual consciousness." So even if the dinners Westerners, but also points the dish, the drink of the wine, so as not to impose our own will. Chinese culture is that the individual will, to obey the common will of the group. Since the intended purpose favors with the intention of blood, its way of manners, naturally, is precious, so the Chinese people love dinner, hi total of food, about harmony. I believe that in a cross-cultural communication in the face of a strange culture, Yin Siwei, life habits and behaviors in different ways, and cultural exchanges during the conflict will inevitably occur. The author from the following four aspects of Chinese and Western table manners were simple compared to the cross-cultural communication can be a proper, decent way to communicate.First, cultural differences from the cutlery to use point of viewChopsticks and knife and fork is the most basic differences between Chinese and Western table manners. Zhejiang University, Professor Yu Xiu Ling: East and West appear chopsticks and knife and fork eating the different tools and environment relationship. Bamboo chopsticks to have originated in the place. Northern China wood, bamboo from southern China, ancestors from local materials, bamboo and wood have become the most primitive materials chopsticks chopsticks. The emergence of a knife and fork than chopsticks much later. According to research by Professor Yu Xiu Ling, the original knife and fork and European origin living in ancient nomadic habits, they immediately carry knives of life, often cooked the meat, cut off to eat. About 15 centuries before and after the meal in order to improve posture, Europeans used the double-pointed cross. To the 18th century only the tip of a fork with four forks. Knife and fork and chopsticks, not only brought different eating habits, also affected the Eastern and Western concepts in life. Professor Yu Xiu Ling, eating into the system will inevitably bring a knife and fork, and chopsticks sitting around the table with family members must dine match. Beginning point of Western food, which derived from the West pay attention to independent, children grow up into the world after the independence of ideas and habits. The chopsticks brought together meals daily, highlighting the young and old sat together in the family unit, so that Asians have a relatively strong family values. When I reminded in the use of Chinese and Western dishes have different specifications. If not play with chopsticks when eating Chinese food (to them when the drumstick is a very rude way), but can not use chopsticks pointing to the person or make gestures. Of course, absolutely can not suck or the chopsticks chopsticks inserted in the rice, which is taboo (which seems to funeral incense is considered unlucky.) When using the knife and fork there are some taboos. Such as holding a knife and fork when not meddling. To speak or talk, knife and fork on the plate should only decency. Avoid using their own utensils for others bowl. Do not bend over picking up utensils fall. Do not cut off a good meal products, especially products with a soup meal, to eat a piece-by-all and more.Second, cultural differences from the point of seating arrangementsWestern formal banquets are particular about the seating arrangements. Traditional Chinese dinner with square table. Door is on both sides of the partial blocks. Treat, the elderly, people with high status of the guest of honor sit or seat, men and women who sat down the owner or Peiqia Block, and the remaining customers in order to sit side seat. Westerners treat with a long table, men and women sit in the owner at both ends, then the guest of honor men and women and the general order of the guests seating arrangements, that men and women interspersed arrangement, subject to seat the hostess, the guest of honor sitting in the top right of the hostess, Main Binfu the top right of man of the house to sit, pay attention to "ladies first" Western gentleman, will show the attentions of the ladies. In China, respect for the left and right for the times; on respect, under second; in respect, partial for the times. In the West, respect for the right, left for the times.I particularly Western seat etiquette tips: The most graceful way is seated from the left seat. Do not put your elbows on the desktop, not Rocker foot. Can not withdraw in the middle of the meal (if things do need to leave should be whispered about greeting guests.) Dinner, sit up straight, back straight, neck elongation. Depend on the upper arm and back to back, abdomen, and a table for about a fist distance. Remember to head high with food, in the face of the food into the mouth, it is necessary to the food to the mouth to mouth opinions on the food rather than bent.Third, cultural differences from the point of dining atmosphereTrouble on the table of Chinese and Western food on the table is static and the most fundamental difference between Chinese and Western table manners. Table climate differences, the Chinese table action, the Western table static. Chinese food for life to matter to music, show and great, the atmosphere of excitement is often breathtaking. Chinese people get a table, then in full flight, with each other for food, drinks upon, enjoy, delicacies, delicious cuisine. Banquet this way in order to reflect the enthusiasm and sincerity the owner, the table reflects the excitement of patrons from the heart's delight. This "trouble" to some extent reflects the Chinese family from the warm, neighborhood harmony, unity and people's "Harmony." Westerners have a table to sit quietly dedicated to cutting their own dinner. Soup can not make noise, such as hot soup can be cooled before eating, do not blow through your mouth. Shut up when eating chewing. Do not lick their lips or smack sound. Guests can dine and talk about, but not only with a few acquaintances talk. If guests do not know about, they may first introduce myself. Others can not take the mouth interrupted his speech. Keep the volume level of the other party can hear. Chewing of food do not speak, even if someone speak to you, have to wait to answer after swallowingV. ConclusionThe world's cultures are equal. Culture, good or bad. Should avoid using their own culture, ethics and values as a standard to measure, judge and should adopt an objective and tolerant attitude towards foreign culture; the same time, but also to avoid blindly follow, imitate foreign culture, but should stick to their excellent cultural tradition

Because cultural context different, speaks the different language person when conversation, even if the language accurate is unmistakable, also can have the misunderstanding. Frequently because a speech said is appropriate, causes the listener to laugh loudly The language reflects a national the characteristic, it not only is containing this nationality's history and the cultural context, moreover is containing this nationality to the life the view, the life style and the thinking mode. Language and cultural mutual influence, interaction; Understood the language must understand the culture, understood the culture must understand the language. Through each kind of channel, I understood concerned to the language and the cultural aspect knowledge. Because in the cultural difference, in the foreign lecture person frequently discovered audience some joke which say to him did not reflect. However can cause person Yang Mafan in the domestic identical joke which the audience smiles. A Chinese youth to the neighbor swimming pool swimming, a while came back, why does a foreigner ask, he explained: "In the swimming pool the person too are many, water too dirty, early should trade. Like sesame jam boiled dumpling." Another Chinese youth has smiled, but that foreigner simply did not know any is the sesame jam and the boiled dumpling. Basic cannot feel slightly humorously. The Chinese meets mutually says time the hello, often said: "You have eaten?" But the foreigner can think this kind of greeting is said: "I have not eaten, we walk together eat a thing!" This kind of greeting thought only invites the others to eat meal. Also once just arrived China the foreign scholar tied anxiously said with Chinese that, "Why did you always ask I ate did not have? I am rich." In English has Good morning, Good aftenoon, Good evening all is equal in Chinese "hello". When Good noon, Good night all is the farewell said speech. In US, the regular meeting hears to the American woman to discuss how her husband does work diligently, does like this splendidly, obtains the reward and so on. Also can praise own children to be intelligent and so on. However can think in China like this uncouth. An American university sets up Chinese spoken language training class, some two teachers teach, their native language word all is not a Chinese. When attends class, male teacher refers oneself said that, "This is the thing?" The female teacher shakes the head said that, "You are not the thing." The male teacher also asked that, "You are the thing?" Female teacher reply that, "I am not the thing." Perhaps the Chinese can guess obtains a ball in a shop (in china shop bull) but not to be able to imagine says in English person mind the image: Niu Penzhuo breathes, ablaze with anger the bull rushes in suspends the full view chinaware in the shop. However, this view meaning is: Clever is appropriate in a need manner, the careful thorough situation rushes in a behavior asperity person. In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kind of significances: On the one hand symbolic longevity, on the other hand is curses at people. But associates not like this in the western culture, the turtle is only the slow-moving, animal. As for China that, the bat is propitious, health, happy symbol. These associations is possible to come the character bat the name and the lucky unison. In foreign country, the people mention the bat, thinks of the ugly image. Therefore exchanges in us with the foreigner, we should all the time pay attention to own language

Because cultural context different, speaks the different language person when conversation, even if the language accurate is unmistakable, also can have the misunderstanding. Frequently because a speech said is appropriate, causes the listener to laugh loudly The language reflects a national the characteristic, it not only is containing this nationality's history and the cultural context, moreover is containing this nationality to the life the view, the life style and the thinking mode. Language and cultural mutual influence, interaction; Understood the language must understand the culture, understood the culture must understand the language. Through each kind of channel, I understood concerned to the language and the cultural aspect knowledge. Because in the cultural difference, in the foreign lecture person frequently discovered audience some joke which say to him did not reflect. However can cause person Yang Mafan in the domestic identical joke which the audience smiles. A Chinese youth to the neighbor swimming pool swimming, a while came back, why does a foreigner ask, he explained: "In the swimming pool the person too are many, water too dirty, early should trade. Like sesame jam boiled dumpling." Another Chinese youth has smiled, but that foreigner simply did not know any is the sesame jam and the boiled dumpling. Basic cannot feel slightly humorously. The Chinese meets mutually says time the hello, often said: "You have eaten?" But the foreigner can think this kind of greeting is said: "I have not eaten, we walk together eat a thing!" This kind of greeting thought only invites the others to eat meal. Also once just arrived China the foreign scholar tied anxiously said with Chinese that, "Why did you always ask I ate did not have? I am rich." In English has Good morning, Good aftenoon, Good evening all is equal in Chinese "hello". When Good noon, Good night all is the farewell said speech. In US, the regular meeting hears to the American woman to discuss how her husband does work diligently, does like this splendidly, obtains the reward and so on. Also can praise own children to be intelligent and so on. However can think in China like this uncouth. An American university sets up Chinese spoken language training class, some two teachers teach, their native language word all is not a Chinese. When attends class, male teacher refers oneself said that, "This is the thing?" The female teacher shakes the head said that, "You are not the thing." The male teacher also asked that, "You are the thing?" Female teacher reply that, "I am not the thing." Perhaps the Chinese can guess obtains a ball in a shop (in china shop bull) but not to be able to imagine says in English person mind the image: Niu Penzhuo breathes, ablaze with anger the bull rushes in suspends the full view chinaware in the shop. However, this view meaning is: Clever is appropriate in a need manner, the careful thorough situation rushes in a behavior asperity person. In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kind of significances: On the one hand symbolic longevity, on the other hand is curses at people. But associates not like this in the western culture, the turtle is only the slow-moving, animal. As for China that, the bat is propitious, health, happy symbol. These associations is possible to come the character bat the name and the lucky unison. In foreign country, the people mention the bat, thinks of the ugly image. Therefore exchanges in us with the foreigner, we should all the time pay attention to own language 本回答由提问者推荐

⒈ 小费文化初来美国，很多同学对于给小费这一美国文化很不适应，因为生活中无论是在餐厅吃饭，坐出租车，还是住酒店，都需要支付相应的小费。一般来说去餐厅和坐出租车会给所消费金额 10% - 20% 的小费。小编觉得每次跟朋友们吃过大餐所付的小费金额都可以再去撸一顿宵夜了。所以没吃撑千万不要扶我起来！⒉对陌生人的礼貌和关心初来美国的同学可能会发现，在美国街头，时不时会有迎面走来的陌生人跟你热情打招呼。其实这也是一种美国文化，当有人迎面走来的时候，如果你们四目相交，一般都会说一句“Hello!”或者“Good Morning!"来问好；在公共场合的时候，如果身边有人打喷嚏，通常会说一句”Excuse me" 表示对周围人的歉意，而旁边的人会用“Bless you" 给予礼貌地回应。今后同学们遇到这这种情况，只需要向对方说一句"Thank you!" 就可以啦。习惯了这样的寒暄方式，感觉跟陌生人的距离也拉近了不少呢。⒊美国人从不吝啬赞美美国人民超喜欢热情的赞美陌生人，比如说当看到别人精心打扮时，会带着夸张的表情说：”You look great!" 或者“I like your outfit/dress/earings"。刚开始同学们可能还不太习惯受到如此直接的赞美，但是这样的互动其实是很美式的社交方式，所以从今天起，赞美你身边的人吧！⒋健身文化美国人非常注重staying fit，社交平台上受欢迎的“网红”们，往往都是强健而活力十足的健身（肌肉）男女。很多美国人也都酷爱户外运动，比如跑步和登山等，你会发现在美国城市的大街小巷都有跑步者的身影。美国的大学，也基本会为学生配备专业的健身房，供他们在课余时间进行体育锻炼。小编回忆起当初第一次去学校健身房，看到很多美国同学都在苦练他们已经很发达的肌肉，于是我只能默默收起自己的小肚腩，在边上安静地跑步。但事实证明，规律的运动真的会让身体慢慢变强壮。Let's go work out!⒌美国的草坪是用来踩的小学的时候，小编记得隔壁班有位同学因为践踏了学校的草坪被老师惩罚打扫整层楼的卫生。但是在美国，草坪几乎都是用来做户外运动的，比如踢球，打橄榄球等等，你甚至完全可以在草坪上随意翻滚。听到这，隔壁班的熊孩子是不是默默流下了眼泪。怎么样，是不是觉得中美文化的碰撞很有意思呢？不过这仅仅是生活中几件有趣的小事，如果你还想发掘更多，欢迎周五晚来直播间和Becca以及特邀嘉宾Yuxi一起探讨中美文化的趣事！

一、中国文化的古老性与美国文化的现代化　　中国文化有着几千年的历史，中美企业文化差异，这古老的岁月本身就具有无尽的财富，文化也同名胜古迹一样，时间愈久远，便愈具有无以伦比的价值。然而她也像一棵千年古树，一方面根深蒂固，枝繁叶茂；一方面又含有一些枯枝败叶。中国的先哲们给后人留下了丰美的历史宝藏，也留下了沉重的历史包袱。你望着这棵遮天蔽日的参天大树，中美饮食文化差异，你会为她的苍劲美丽而折服，你也会想象有多少岁月神奇的秘密蕴藏其中。中国博大精深的传统文化是深深植根在中国这片土地之上的，她已不可能被移植，中国的一切现代文明都只能在这棵大树上进行嫁接而成；考虑中国的任何事情，都离不开历史这个无形的手对现实的影响。中国的社会关系也就好比这棵大树的根系，树越古老，中美文化差异英文版，根系越繁杂。中国传统文化是中国人的思维模式和行为方式形成的理论基础，对中国的社会关系具有不可抗拒的影响。　　而美国只有两百年的历史，美国的文化，是一群现代人，按照现代人的意志和思维模式构建起来的一座现代文明的宫殿。美国人没有丰富的历史宝藏可挖掘，但也没有沉重的历史包袱去承受，美国人完全在按现代人的需要去创造科学，创造财富，创造民主的社会制度。美国的人际关系也是按现代人的标准建立起来的。美国发达的商业文化、科学技术是其现代文化的突出标志。　二、中国文化的民族性与美国文化的多元化中国汉族占总人口的90％以上，其他56个少数民族在肤色、人种上也与汉族基本相似，因此中国可以说是一个单一人种和单一文化的国家。儒家、佛家、道家文化形成了中国文化的主体，尤其是儒家文化，对中国人的思想和行为的影响占有统治地位。中国文化具有强烈的民族性。　　而美国是一个移民国家，人口构成极为复杂，世界各国的人才在这里群英聚会，各种文化交相辉映，形成了各种民族、各种文化的大熔炉。因此美国的文化具有多元化的特点，并且带有强烈的时代气息，随着时代的变化而变化。 　三、中国文化的政治性与美国文化的经济性　　中国作为一个统一的大国，已有两千多年的历史。两千多年来，要统治这样一个地域如此辽阔，人口如此众多的大国，的确不是一件容易的事情。如果统治失调，就意味着国家分裂、诸侯纷争、战乱不休。因此，自古以来，稳定和统一，一直是中国历史上的两件大事，政治是统帅，集中统一是灵魂。儒家文化作为中国古代社会上层建筑中的一系统，中美文化差异来源，与上层建筑中的政权统治形成相辅相成之势，儒家文化中含有大量的关于教育统治者施仁政，教育百姓遵守伦理教化等方面的人文科学，中国古代社会一直重农轻商，中美交际文化的差异，重文轻商，科举制度使文化与政治密切相连，文化中带有很强的政治性。贯穿在社会关系中，人与人之间的关系，也有很强的政治色彩。　　而美国是一商品经济极为发达的国家，文化具有浓厚的经济性，与经济建设相适应的科学、技术、经济管理等文化占有很高的地位。而好莱坞电影、迪斯尼乐园、麦当劳快餐等等发达的商业文化更是受世人瞩目。美国的人与人之间关系，也带有浓厚的经济色彩，亲兄弟明算账。　四、中、美两国主文化与亚文化之间存在的差异　　很多探讨中美文化差异的文章都指出中国文化注重集体主义，美国文化注重个人主义。但是，在现实生活中却使我们产生困惑。生活在中国社会中，我们会发现，许多人个人主义思想也很严重，中美文化差异的原因，缺乏团结的现象时有发生；而当我们来到美国，却发现很多的美国人很关心社会和集体。有人做过这种观察，一群美国人开大会，会前不同观点会展开很激烈的争论，但一旦会议主题决定了，大家就会安安静静地一起开大会；但一群中国人在一起，却往往是上面开大会，下面开小会，各自为政。关于这个文化与现实的差异问题，我们从社会学中找到了答案。一个社会中，不仅有统治阶层所推行的正统的主文化，中美文化差异文章，也有在民间流行的亚文化。亚文化往往是对于主文化的一种逆反，一种对立和统一。由于中国文化过分宣扬国家和集体，轻视个人，所以民间社会的亚文化又使个人利益得到补充，得到平衡。美国过分地宣扬个人主义，人们不满足于彼此隔阂，彼此冷漠的现象，又重新回到互相关心，热心公益事业的和谐的社会关系上来。由此我们知道，要想真正地了解一个国家，不仅要从书本上了解他的主文化，还要到那个民族中去生活一段时间，从民间去了解那个民族的亚文化。另一方面，在人的本性上，有些东西是人类共有的，如个人主义思想，在美国是得到公开承认，而在中国却被加以批判，但不管你怎么否定，它却是深藏在人们心底的。就像中国古代宣扬禁欲主义，中美文化差异表现，但不管你怎样宣扬，男女相悦却是怎么也不能从人们心底抹去。五、中国文化的两极性与美国文化的多极性　　中国古代哲学非常注重阴与阳的辩证统一，认为世界万事万物都是由阴阳两极组成的矛盾的对立统一体，如：上与下、左与右、正与反、内与外、男与女等等。中国的儒家文化与佛、道文化也形成了中国文化的两极性。儒家文化主张积极进取，而佛、道文化主张消极避世，组成了矛盾的对立统一体。中国古代的许多知识分子在青年时期往往尊奉儒家文化，奋发图强；当仕途多有磨难，到了晚年时又遁入佛、道文化，从佛老思想中寻求内心的安宁。儒家文化就好比一架云梯，激励着仁人志士们努力攀登，去摘取事业的果实；而佛、道文化就好比是一张安全网，有人从云梯上跌落下来，就有这张大网将其接住。因此儒家文化与佛、道文化这两极文化对立统一、相辅相成，形成了一个稳定发展的中国文化系统。　　而美国是一个多种文化兼容并蓄的国家，不仅有英国文化、法国文化，还有西班牙文化、墨西哥文化，以及中国的儒家文化和佛、道文化，等等。美国的文化不是两极，而是多极，提供给人们更多的选择机会。 六、中国文化的内向性和美国文化的开放性　　中国属内陆国家，中国文化就是在这大片的土地上发展起来的一种内陆文化。中国自古以来不断遭受外族侵略，因此不断地修筑长城，闭关自守。受此影响，中国文化也演变成了保守的陆地文化，自成体系，对外来文化有很大的排他性。从清朝的戊戌变法到今天的改革开放，每一次打开国门，都要付出艰辛的努力。中国文化不断地同化着外来文化，却从来不被外来文化所同化。就连接受西方文化最彻底的台湾、香港、新加坡来讲，也并没有完全西化，而是仍然保留着许多儒家文化的传统。然而，与正统文化相对立的是，开放式的中国民间文化却是以敞开的胸怀迎接着外来文化。好莱坞电影、麦当劳快餐店、西方哲学思潮，等等西方文化，无不是借着中国民间文化的东风吹遍了中国的村村落落。　　美国的主流文化源于欧洲，是一种开放型的海洋文化。而美国的民主与法律制度又保护了美国的文化自由发展，不受政治的打击和控制。加上美国每年招收大量的外国学生与学者，同时也带来大量的不同文化与碰撞。美国对于各种外来文化兼容并蓄，吸收其中优秀部分以使自己变得更加丰富。七、中国儒家主文化与美国基督教主文化　　中国是以儒家文化为主流文化的国家，儒家文化注重家庭关系，宗族血统，中国古代家庭关系的两大特点是，第一，讲究尊卑有别，长幼有序，父母管教孩子，孩子孝敬父母，二者不可逾越。第二，以亲情、血缘为纽带，由此延伸到社会，讲究朋友之间以兄弟相称，四海之内皆兄弟，讲哥们义气。　　美国是一个以基督教为主流文化的国家，大部分美国人信教，相信上帝。按基督教义，无论什么人，都是上帝的儿子，上帝面前人人平等。而家庭，只是替上帝抚养孩子的场所，因此，即使是父母，也不能随意打骂自己的孩子，否则，将会受到法律的追究。基督教讲究博爱，在人与人之间关系中，也体现了这一价值观。八、中国文化的统治性与美国文化的大众性　　中国自古以来就是个中间小，两头大的社会。即中产阶层占少数，统治阶层与普通大众占主体。而统治阶层又驾驭普通大众之上，对于文化具有绝对的影响力，中国传统文化充分体现出统治阶层的利益。　　美国是一个中产阶级占多数，中间大，两头小的社会；美国文化充分体现了中产阶层的利益。加上严密的民主与法律制度，使普通大众得以自如地参加文化的构建。因此美国文化表现出浓郁的大众性。九、中国文化的人文性与美国文化的科学性　　中国传统文化以儒家文化为主体，儒家文化中又以伦理道德为主体。伦理道德与诗词歌赋是中国传统文化中的两条主线。伦理道德注重于社会关系的协调，诗词歌赋注重于情感的宣泄，因此在中国人的传统思维和性格中，自古重人文、重情感。　　美国人以欧洲移民为主体，人数最多。因此美国文化是在欧洲文化基础上发扬光大的现代欧美文化。欧洲文化的重理性、重科学等特性在现代美国文化中也有所继承。美国人协调社会关系用法律，而不是用人情；美国人热爱科学，相信实力，以发达的科学技术和雄厚的经济实力向世人说话。了解了深层次的文化差异，再看彼此的思维模式与行为方式，就会有一种拨开云雾见天日的豁然开朗之感觉。因此研究中、美两国文化的差异，有利于我们进一步了解彼此的社会和社会关系，有利于增进双方的理解和交往。最重要的是，我们可以通过差异的对比，认清自己的不足，吸取他人的优点，在交流与学习中取长补短，发展自身文化。 国际中国文化出版社 任京生,作者任京生老师现为美国俄亥俄州立大学东亚系访问学者，曾担任商业文化课程“关系学”中方教师。来美国之后，任老师致力于中美关系学的研究，撰写了《从东到西看关系》一书。此书目前已由中国南方日报出版社出版，并被世界著名的德国贝塔斯曼图书中国俱乐部选中作为畅销书在网上销售。任老师撰写的这部书，不仅以大量的实例为读者演绎如何为人处世，如何协调人际关系，而且从理论上探讨了关系学的来龙去脉。 本回答被网友采纳

中国文化的古老性与美国文化的现代化中国文化有着几千年的历史，这古老的岁月本身就具有无尽的财富，文化也同名胜古迹一样，时间愈久远，便愈具有无以伦比的价值。中国的先哲们给后人留下了丰美的历史宝藏，也留下了沉重的历史包袱，中国传统文化是中国人的思维模式和行为方式形成的理论基础，对中国的社会关系具有不可抗拒的影响。而美国只有两百年的历史，美国的文化，是一群现代人，按照现代人的意志和思维模式构建起来的一座现代文明的宫殿。美国人没有丰富的历史宝藏可挖掘，但也没有沉重的历史包袱去承受，美国人完全在按现代人的需要去创造科学，创造财富，创造民主的社会制度。美国的人际关系也是按现代人的标准建立起来的。美国发达的商业文化、科学技术是其现代文化的突出标志。中国文化的民族性与美国文化的多元化中国汉族占总人口的90％以上，其他56个少数民族在肤色、人种上也与汉族基本相似，因此中国可以说是一个单一人种和单一文化的国家。而美国是一个移民国家，人口构成极为复杂，世界各国的人才在这里群英聚会，各种文化交相辉映，形成了各种民族、各种文化的大熔炉。因此美国的文化具有多元化的特点，并且带有强烈的时代气息，随着时代的变化而变化。中国文化的政治性与美国文化的经济性中国古代社会一直重农轻商，中美交际文化的差异，重文轻商，科举制度使文化与政治密切相连，文化中带有很强的政治性。贯穿在社会关系中，人与人之间的关系，也有很强的政治色彩。而美国是一商品经济极为发达的国家，文化具有浓厚的经济性，与经济建设相适应的科学、技术、经济管理等文化占有很高的地位，美国的人与人之间关系，也带有浓厚的经济色彩，亲兄弟明算中、美两国主文化与亚文化很多探讨中美文化差异的文章都指出中国文化注重集体主义，美国文化注重个人主义。但是，在现实生活中却使我们产生困惑。生活在中国社会中，我们会发现，许多人个人主义思想也很严重，中美文化差异的原因，缺乏团结的现象时有发生；而当我们来到美国，却发现很多的美国人很关心社会和集体。有人做过这种观察，一群美国人开大会，会前不同观点会展开很激烈的争论，但一旦会议主题决定了，大家就会安安静静地一起开大会；但一群中国人在一起，却往往是上面开大会，下面开小会，各自为政。关于这个文化与现实的差异问题，我们从社会学中找到了答案。一个社会中，不仅有统治阶层所推行的正统的主文化，中美文化差异文章，也有在民间流行的亚文化。亚文化往往是对于主文化的一种逆反，一种对立和统一。由于中国文化过分宣扬国家和集体，轻视个人，所以民间社会的亚文化又使个人利益得到补充，得到平衡。美国过分地宣扬个人主义，人们不满足于彼此隔阂，彼此冷漠的现象，又重新回到互相关心，热心公益事业的和谐的社会关系上来。中国文化的两极性与美国文化的多极性中国古代哲学非常注重阴与阳的辩证统一，认为世界万事万物都是由阴阳两极组成的矛盾的对立统一体，如：上与下、左与右、正与反、内与外、男与女等等。因此儒家文化与佛、道文化这两极文化对立统一、相辅相成，形成了一个稳定发展的中国文化系统。而美国是一个多种文化兼容并蓄的国家，不仅有英国文化、法国文化，还有西班牙文化、墨西哥文化，以及中国的儒家文化和佛、道文化，等等。美国的文化不是两极，而是多极，提供给人们更多的选择机会。中国文化的内向性和美国文化的开放性中国文化就是在这大片的土地上发展起来的一种内陆文化。中国自古以来不断遭受外族侵略，因此不断地修筑长城，闭关自守。受此影响，中国文化也演变成了保守的陆地文化，自成体系，对外来文化有很大的排他性。然而，与正统文化相对立的是，开放式的中国民间文化却是以敞开的胸怀迎接着外来文化。好莱坞电影、麦当劳快餐店、西方哲学思潮，等等西方文化，无不是借着中国民间文化的东风吹遍了中国的村村落落。美国的主流文化源于欧洲，是一种开放型的海洋文化。而美国的民主与法律制度又保护了美国的文化自由发展，不受政治的打击和控制。美国对于各种外来文化兼容并蓄，吸收其中优秀部分以使自己变得更加丰富。中国儒家主文化与美国基督教主文化中国是以儒家文化为主流文化的国家，儒家文化注重家庭关系，宗族血统，中国古代家庭关系的两大特点是，第一，讲究尊卑有别，长幼有序。第二，以亲情、血缘为纽带，由此延伸到社会，讲究朋友之间以兄弟相称，四海之内皆兄弟，讲哥们义气。美国是一个以基督教为主流文化的国家，大部分美国人信教，相信上帝。按基督教义，无论什么人，都是上帝的儿子，上帝面前人人平等。基督教讲究博爱，在人与人之间关系中，也体现了这一价值观。中国文化的统治性与美国文化的大众性中国自古以来就是个中间小，两头大的社会。即中产阶层占少数，统治阶层与普通大众占主体。而统治阶层又驾驭普通大众之上，对于文化具有绝对的影响力，中国传统文化体现出统治阶层的利益。美国是一个中产阶级占多数，中间大，两头小的社会；美国文化充分体现了中产阶层的利益。加上严密的民主与法律制度，使普通大众得以自如地参加文化的构建。因此美国文化表现出浓郁的大众性。 本回答被网友采纳

【最佳答案】一、民主美国公民不满政府的政策可以把政府告上法庭，把总统告上法庭，也可以游行示威。中国是社会主义国家，政府说什么就是什么，在网上说一些影响政府形象的话题都会被抓，电影审核非常严格，不像美国可以拍摄政府为了利益随便就发射原子弹炸了自己的城市，政府大楼被攻击，总统被绑架的电影。二、人权中国是官僚主义，官高一级压死人，底层人民只有认名，就好像银行的钱离柜台概不负责，谁有权力谁就有说话算，美国人见了奥巴马都不需要恭恭敬敬的，还能开完笑的问他，嘿！你怎么长这么黑？中国法律自卫的条件是必须先被别人砍一刀才能开始自卫，否则没砍到之前，即使他追着你砍，你都不能说他要杀你，法庭上只能说属于你个人主观臆测，而美国只要感觉别人要伤害自己或者没有经过同意去他家都可以直接开枪射击。三、小费只要请人帮忙都要给小费，不像中国可以随便叫一个路人麻烦你一下，帮我干什么干什么，这是一种劳务关系。四、人情关系中国有很强烈的家族关系，比如不孝顺是违法的，美国则不同，父母生了孩子有18年法律养育责任，但孩子没有养育父母的责任，在他们眼里没有情亲友情，只要玩得开心一样重要，这边中国正在向美国靠拢，现在的中国同样不再讲究爱情亲情友情那一套，一切都是为了利益而走在一起。在美国很乐意参加朋友的婚礼，因为可以吃各种美食，在中国最怕参加朋友的婚礼，因为要份子钱。

1、道德上的文化差异美国人管理道德的工具，除了宗教之外，另外一个重要的工具是社会保障系统。这是一个记录一个人在经济行为中信用记录的一个系统。它记录了每个人所有的经济行为的诚信问题。在美国，信用比金钱更加重要。信用记录会涉及每个人的租房、买车，等等。如果没有了信用，你可能连房子都租不到。2、思想观念上的文化差异中国传统观念中人情味十足，比较重视他人感受，而在美国人的思维中，更多的是对个人主义的理解。这些情况都可能对刚踏上美国国土的未成年人带来困扰。在出国前更多地了解外国的文化和历史，在出国后可以入乡随俗，尊重当地的文化，广交朋友，敢于尝试新事物。3、生活交际上的文化差异传统中国的谦虚内敛在这里并不十分受欢迎和接受。独立性在美国学生的思想里是个非常重要而广泛的词语，这个理念灌输了他们的一生。所以要想在异国得心应手的生活，必须有很好的心理承受能力和环境适应能力。4、积极融入不强求各国留学生在生活学习多数更倾向于与本国的同学交往，例如情绪低落时，能够倾诉的对象依然是其他的本国留学生等等。在这个问题上应该有客观认识，积极融入美国社会。但是应该顺其自然，不宜强求。

文化差异(Culture Difference):种族 National race The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of newspaper articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices , factories , and schools across the country . The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities. Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination [1] still exist ,unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing , schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans . However, the vast majority of American s are working , studying , and sharing public places together. This was not true even a few years ago in some parts of the country , but progress is steadily being made . You will be able to observe the improvement in race relations as soon as your plane lands . You will see it in the airport, in public buses and trains , in theaters , restaurants , rest room, in sops and libraries , in offices and factories . Close personal friendships between Blacks and Whites , full trust and social relationships are still not common , except in certain areas, However, even in this - the slowest area of progress-there has been change , especially among young people. [1] discrimination n. 辨别, 区别, 识别力, 辨别力, 歧视 Excerpted from " A Guide to U.S.A. ", edited by Li Yang, Li Yi, published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Culture Difference 发表日期：2005-04-22 10:58:52 作者：洪恩在线 It is not a novel knowledge that culture difference exists between eastern and w estern countries. But not until I heard the lecture given by a Chinese scholar, who has been lived in Australia for several years, did I came to understand that how different it is. The scholar summarized that we, as Chinese, prefer to think in a spiral, casual way, while western people, more often than not, are fond of a linear, business-i s-business way. Supporting the idea, he named out examples he himself experience d while staying in Australia. Here are some excerpts. Firstly, line up matter. If you are in China, it is not rare to see that a crowd of people throng in the supermarket, trying to get service first. People in Ch ina do line up, the scholar said in a humorous tone, but they prefer to line up at a horizontal way. In contrast, in western countries, say, in Australia, people always line up, no matter in a big bank or a small grocery store. And they take it for granted. Lin ing up has long since become part of their life that they scarcely doubt it or g row impatient while doing it. Secondly, first come, first served. Though in words it is a normal principle her e in China, it’s mostly not the case in reality. Take an example of what usuall y happens in a bank. Here when we are in a middle-sized bank, and suppose we are talking with the cashier, it always tends to have someone butt in, claiming tha t his or her request takes only one second. And it seems that we have already been accustomed to it. So has the cashier. But in western countries, it never applies. It is always rude that you butt in whil e the cashier is serving his customer. No matter how little time your request co sts, the cashier, more often than not, is likely to turn you down. Only one cust omer at a time is his principle. Thirdly, change stuff. Suppose I am in a shopping mall and the stuff I purchase cost me 142 RMB. While lining up at the casher’s and happening to check my wall et, I find I have 200 RMB and two one-yuan coins. What will I do? To give the ca shier 200 RMB, or give him 200 RMB and the two one-yuan coins so that he could r eturn me 60 RMB, which is more convenient for both of us. I think when the Chinese were in this situation, they would mostly choose the la tter one. But the scholar said, in Australia, they won’t do so. He then told th at he himself did try it once, and he thought it was self-evident to do so. But the cashier did not understand. So the scholar latter on summarized that western people are prone to lack of fle xibility while doing their work. Then how about us in their eyes? They think we Chinese have a tendency to make things complicate. What an interesting contrast! Here I don’t intend to tell which is better and which is worse. What I try to s ay is just that we might well be in conformity with the customs and be aware of the culture differences while being abroad. Like the saying goes—while you are in Rome, do as Romans do. If you don’t want to put yourself in the public, bear ing all this in mind is perhaps the best policy. Caroline This article has been read by 276 persons. Copyright: This article was written by caroline. and first posted in HongEn online. The author owns the copyright, and HongEn online owns the right of using it. Any other unit or individual should get the author's approval before using, repasting or quoting. The author will assume all the civil and penal responsibility, directly or indirectly caused by posting the article. The SYSOPs and board masters have the right to reserve or delete the article. Reply|Digest|Return|Search Replied Articles Title Author Size Post Time Grade Re：Culture Difference tdeanxx(Tim) 1K 05.04.20 01:19 Dear Caroline, I think your scholar friend spent several years in Australia and completely miss ed the most important value represented in his examples. That value is egalitar ianism. The principle that people should be treated equally. When the bank teller insists on attending one customer at a time the principle i s not "only one customer at a time" it is "this customer waited in line and so w ill you, no matter how tall, how well dressed or how loud your voice." And you can be sure if the customer is a poor working man and the impatient man is a wel l dressed business man, the customer will very bruskly insist on his rights not to be interrupted. A well run bank will have a customer service person who can answer questions, but people doing transactions must wait their turn. My impres sion of a business or a nation where people are not treated equally in the marke tplace and a bully can obtain service without waiting is a place where there is a class oriented culture and/or where one can bribe one …………[文章太长，没有全部显示，点击本文标题阅读全文] Re：Culture Difference caroline.(caroline) 2K 05.04.20 12:25 Dear Tim, The lecture given by the scholar is mainly on English learning. That's for he na med such examples. He just aimed to tell the audience how important to understan d a culture is, which is different from our motherland. What you said is indeed right. And I am with you on this. The corruption in Chi na is rampant these years, you relate it with class. Well, I haven't thought abo ut it. But I do agree that the idea of class roots in many people's mind. Like the example you took in the article, I almost could be sure that here the c ashier would definitely turn to the well dressed business man. You say that the poor working man will insist on his rigts not to be interrupted. But here I gues s he would just pretend not to mind it and let it be. I myself experienced this once, in fact. Once I was in a post office to have a p ackage posted. You know, it was crowded inside and the people lined up in a wayw ard way. So when it was my turn, and when I was just about to tell the man my re quest, one guy …………[文章太长，没有全部显示，点击本文标题阅读全文] Re：Culture Difference panpanpan 210 05.04.20 08:32 You've got a sharp eye for the human conditions, Tim. -- Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back. Learning is like sailing a boat against the current; it either advances or retre ats. Re：Culture Difference tdeanxx(Tim) 351 05.04.20 12:47 Dear Panpanpan, I wouldn't have written in such a non-diplomatic fashion except that I wanted to see what people thought, and that sort of behavior is particularly irritating t o me. I will try not to lose my temper when I am in China. I don't want to get "kung fu'd". Great to hear from you, friend. I want to hear more of your thou ghts. Tim Re：Culture Difference smdyfc(Dont happy) 263 05.04.20 18:05 English is so good!Do you announce some articles more again?Did you graduate?Wor ker, should have of, all of you have.And have brains!Can come to our company to work? -- Power is everything!!Falling behind would be beaten!! I'm never,never,never,never give up!!! Re：Culture Difference spoilme(maple) 804 05.04.22 06:02 "Thirdly, change stuff. Suppose I am in a shopping mall and the stuff I purchase cost me 142 RMB. While lining up at the casher’s and happening to check my wal let, I find I have 200 RMB and two one-yuan coins. What will I do? To give the c ashier 200 RMB, or give him 200 RMB and the two one-yuan coins so that he could return me 60 RMB, which is more convenient for both of us. I think when the Chinese were in this situation, they would mostly choose the la tter one. But the scholar said, in Australia, they won’t do so. He then told th at he himself did try it once, and he thought it was self-evident to do so. But the cashier did not understand. " It won't happen in New York. Maybe the cashers in NY are smarter. :) -- Be not afraid of going slowly, be afraid only of standing still.

Diet Culture difference between China and America.（中美饮食文化的差异）这篇可以参考：）~ The main difference between Chinese and America eating habits is that unlike, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (e.g. four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish. A typical meal starts with some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy "staple" food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on 参考资料： 摘自百度！

是要别人帮你写一篇，还是摘抄给你

比喻的民族性对词语翻译的影响比喻的基础是词语在联想上的相似或相关，它好比一面镜子映照出一个民族的社会心态，因而比喻多采用形象描述、借用等方式使人产生大量联想的词汇。由于各民族的历史发展不同，因而各自都有含特定比喻的人或者事物的词语来体现本民族的历史文化色彩，这就给比喻打上鲜明的民族烙印。例如：英语中”to meet one’S Waterloo”(遭遇滑铁卢)是源于19世纪拿破仑在比利时小城滑铁卢惨败的历史事件，现常用它来比喻惨遭失败，而汉语中有一成语“败走麦城”是指古时三国的蜀国名将关羽被打败后退兵麦城的历史事件，现在也常用来比喻惨遭失败。这两个词语分别来源于不同的历史事件，在表达“惨遭失败”这层意思上有异曲同工之妙，虽喻义相同但各自所具有的民族特色十分明显。又如汉语成语“破釜沉舟”语出《史记》，用来比喻不留后路，下定决心干到底。英语中的burn one’S boats，原指古罗马恺撒大军乘船渡过Rubicon河后把渡船全部烧毁，以此向士兵表明退路已断，只有拼死一战，这与汉语中的“破釜沉舟”可以说是如出一辙。再如，在汉民族文化里，兔子是跑得快的象征，因此在古代汉语里有“静若处子，动若脱兔”的说法，但是在英语中兔子却是“胆小”的象征，于是就有了as timid as a hare(胆小如兔)，而汉语中则用“胆小如鼠”来比喻胆小鬼。汉语中形容某人瘦，说“瘦得像猴子”，英文中却说asthin as a shadow(瘦得像影子)；汉语中形容某人穷，说“穷得像叫化子”，英文中却说as poor as a churchmouse(穷得像教堂里的耗子)；汉语中“挥金如土”、“水底捞月”，相应的英语却是to spend money likewater(花钱如水)和fishing in the air(空中钓鱼)。以上例子说明 ，各民族语言表达方式的鲜明特色性，是其它语言文化不能替代的。因此，在翻译过程中，我们应尊重各民族的文化词语的特点和个性，保留其语言存在和表现的形式。6 地域文化的差异对词语翻译的影响众所周知，英国是一个岛国，海洋的作用在国家的发展史上举足轻重。因此，英语中see，boat，water等和海洋和航海有关的词语往往被赋予特殊的感情和寓意。下面这些词很能体现这一地域文化特点：to feel under the water感觉不适all at sea茫然不知所措to keep one’s head above water奋发图强 to trim your sails见风使舵而汉民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地，松、竹、梅等植物被赋予特殊的感情和寓意，用以抒情托志、喻事述理，如“松鹤延年”、“胸有成竹”等。不同的地域文化使得两种语言在一些表达方式上受到了影响。比如汉语“挥金如土”表示铺张浪费，英语是spend money like water；汉语中常用“雨后春笋”形容新生事物大量涌现，相应的英语却是spring up like mushroom。地域文化的差异除了使英汉两个民族对同一现象或事物采用了不同的语言表达形式，也表现在对方位及其相应物的感知取向不同上。如在汉民族的方位观念中，东为尊(东方El出)，西为卑(西方El落)，南为尊，北为卑，人们常说：“南来北往”“从南到北”，而英语文化却恰除相反，英美人是从英语地域文化上来理解的，所以东南、东北、西南、西北之类的方位词分别是：southeast，northeast，southwest，northwest。The nationality of metaphor translation of words is the basis of metaphor in the similar or related associations, it is like a mirror which reflects the social mentality and metaphor used more image description, borrow etc, make the person produces large lenovo's vocabulary. Because of the historical development of different nationalities, each with particular parables people or things to reflect the words of the national history and culture, which gave parables color on distinctive national brand. Example: the English one 'S useful "Waterloo (from) in Waterloo, napoleon in Belgium town in the 19th century, the historical events - Waterloo is commonly used to describe it, while Chinese failure in a idiom" fail "refers to the Madison three days after the defeat cha guan yu shu Madison historical events, they are commonly used to describe now failure. These two words were derived from different historical events, in the expression "failure" mean in this layer is the same, although each has the same but overstepping languages of ethnic characteristics are very obvious. As Chinese idioms "with" the shiji, to not LiuHouLu, determined to slog. "One of the English burn boats, original refers to the Roman army crossed the Rubicon by Julius after all the ferry to burn that already cut back, soldiers, this world only desperate to burn the" Chinese "is similar. Be like again, in the han nationality culture, the rabbit is the symbol of fast, so in ancient Chinese "quiet, the DongReTuoTu", but in English is "chicken" rabbit, hence the symbol of a timid as timid as a hare (r), and with "in Chinese is to describe the coward. Describe someone in Chinese, "thin thin like monkeys," in English asthin said a shadow (thin like shadow), Describe someone in Chinese, "said the beggar," English as good as said in a churchmouse (as poor as a church mouse), Chinese "and" underwater miserly bottle ", the corresponding English is that money to spend money like water likewater (air) and fishing fishing (air). Above example, ethnic language expression distinct characteristics, are other language culture cannot replace. Therefore, in the process of translation, we should respect the ethnic culture words and characteristics of personality, retain their language and expression of form. 6 regional cultural differences of words, the influence of English translation is an island is the role of the state in the ocean history. Therefore, English, water price boat, etc and Marine and nautical concerned words often endowed with special feelings and implication. These words are can reflect the regional culture characteristics: under the water feel unwell feeling all at sea loss to one 's very big head above water to trim your sails unyielding and han nationality in Asia self-healing effcet life reproduction, mainland people cannot live without land, pine and bamboo, mei plant endowed with special feelings and meaning, which means "lyric, Daniel, such as" what is the matter of crane prolong "and" assurance ", etc. Different cultures that two kinds of language expression in some of the affected. Such as Chinese ", "said miserly extravagance, English is like water that money, Chinese have used to describe something new, "", the corresponding English are like mushroom is rising. Regional cultural differences make the same phenomenon or things on the language form, but also in other position and orientation of the different perceptions of correspondence. As in the han nationality orientation, east east for (a), west of El humbled (fall), south west El for honour, north humbled, people often say: "always" from south to north, and English culture "in Anglo-American instead, just come from the regional culture of English, so the understanding of southeast, northeast, northwest, southwest, southeast of shang is respectively: northeast, northwest, and.中美文化差异 中国跟美国在有些文化及社会差异上是根深蒂固的，下文提出我观察到的一些例子。笔者在这里要强调这些观点是一般性的，当然仍有个别之特例。 一、个人主义 美国人相当崇尚个人主义，东方社会 （当然包括中国人） 则强调家族及阶级层次。这是一个非常重要及有影响力的分别。美国人崇尚个人特质的例子很多，父母较少伸手干预子女的发展。 二、隐私权 美国人通常很尊重别人的隐私。就是知己之间也很少问到别人太"切身"的问题，例如年龄、薪水及婚姻状况等。也应当少谈论第三者的事情。不请自来的访客（包括父母亲）是绝对不受欢迎的。 三、不拘礼 美国人在衣着娱乐方面，都比较随便。最重要的是人与人之间的交往都比较不拘礼，即使双方在年纪上或地位上有很大分别也不例外。这方面的例子多不胜数，例如很多学生对教授，及晚辈对老人家都直接称呼first name可见一斑。这种"越代"，"越身份"的不拘礼表现，在很多东方人眼中则认为是失礼的行为。 四、开放与直接 美国人是相当开放和直接的，尤其在专业的讨论，往往秉持着不同意见而争论（注意：是争论，不是拍桌子，摔麦克风的吵架）。相反地，东方人往往不会直接冲突，而是婉转地通过地位比较高的第三者来疏通。 五、独立性 美国人通常较不喜欢依靠别人，甚至父母的帮忙也不一定乐于接受，而父母亦鼓励子女早早离家，独立地生活与发展。我国青少年在这方面就发展得较慢。对留学生来说，要注意到指导教授非常重视研究生能够独立做研究的能力。而对英文不灵光的留学生来说，当你向美国人借笔记时如被拒绝，不一定表示他们讨厌你，极有可能是他们将心比心，认为你应该独立而已。 六、竞争性 美国社会的发展依靠竞争来作为推动力。"Work hard, play hard"是大部分人的作风。他们在言语争辩时都喜欢压倒对手，这种"getting the last word in"的作风当然是竞争性的一种表现。他们的竞争挑战精神也显露在体育比赛方面，即使是他们所谓的"playing for fun"时也是蛮认真的。一般美国人对于一个球队都十分狂热，往往藉此发泄情绪。例如校队比赛时校警常常要检查进场的观众，不让他们带酒进场。球赛比赛时，观众都喧哗冲天，往往乱抛东西。有些助兴表演也有点莫名其妙，例如有一招是将一个女啦啦队员，从观众席的底层抛起，一级级的人将她接着又再抛上去，直到最高层又再抛下来；偶然也有失手受伤的事情发生。笔者也算是球迷，但都是在家看电视，免得在现场活受罪。而且要算准时间，当球赛完时避免走在路上，因为球迷在赢球时欢天喜地（如果你看到开车的人在乱按喇叭，你不用听报告就知道赢球），输球时则沮丧愤怒，两种结果都是疯狂毕露。有些血气方刚的小伙子更常做一些奇怪的事。有一点要强调的是，如果不是在发泄情况下，绝大部分的美国人都是很守规矩、不骚扰别人的。 七、公众场合应有的礼数 美国人通常都能尊重别人的安宁。在歌剧院不用说，就是在戏院也都能噤声欣赏。在餐厅吃饭时的交谈声音也相当低，跟中国有划拳斗酒的吵闹大不相同。排队时都很守秩序，插队是不被接受的，蜂拥上车的事情绝对很少发生。开车的人通常很守交通规则，例如在夜深无人时也不闯红灯，尊重行人，让路人先过马路等。来自较不遵守交通规则国家的留美学生尤其要特别小心。 八、朋友模式 美国人囗中的朋友定义比较广泛，而且有区隔性；譬如说工作上的朋友、打球的朋友、学校的朋友、喝酒的朋友等等。 另外美国地域广大，人口流动性也高，而且朋友之间绝少吐露私人的事情，所以友情是比较"温水"性。中国人的友情通常是"牵一发而动全身"，一言不合就尽量避免跟对方碰面，"起落"性比较大。中国人朋友之间借钱是相当普遍的，而美国人朋友之间借钱是凤毛麟角的。 九、金钱的运用模式 中国人通常做的预算都比较保守，而美国的预算则比较接近"极限"，而且往往有消费超过预算的倾向（跟美国社会大量使用信用卡也有关系）。美国人很舍得买东西，尤其是在购房及汽车上，对于吃喝方面，尤其是请客，则比较"犹太"；而中国人则比较舍得花钱在请客方面。 十、世界观 可能因为美国多年来的兴盛及教育重点在某方面仍有偏颇，美国人多数 "以本国为中心"，对于别国的认识十分肤浅。美国人对世界地理的无知是令美国国家地理学会 （National Geographic Society） 十分痛心的事情。在美国流传一个笑话：东北部的某一个州的某居民，写信去州政府询问关于New Mexico的情形，答复居然是：关于别国的情况我们不大熟悉，无可奉告。中国文化的渊源来自中庸儒学，这决定了中国人非常注重面子，注重尊严，任何有损于面子及集体尊严的事是不可饶恕的。或者说，中国人的行动准则多少有谦牧自守的传统大国观，渗透著“己所不欲，勿施于人”的内敛意味。中美文化本质上的相悖、两者间的内在矛盾是产生摩擦的主要原因，而中美在经济利益上的相互补充又将两国吸引在一起，导致双方为文化上的歧异做出妥协。解决中美之间的问题，文化差异同样不是对决的理由，恰恰相反，中国文化经过上下五千年的历史长河洗礼，具有极强的韧性和包容性，因此中美关系在未来一系列问题上有可能产生摩擦与不和，但这种摩擦与不和不会影响中美关系的长期发展。从历史回顾来看，中美之间走向对抗的理由即使不能说全然不存在，但也至少可以说是屈指可数的。导致中美关系如此欲进而趑趄的原因，恐怕在于随著全球化浪潮的推进，双方对彼此的理解却越来越显得滞后。供参考