09月22日, 2014 174次
初三 Unit3标题：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes （一）被动语态的构成1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例) 本回答由网友推荐
人教新目标版 初三 Unit3标题：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes （一）被动语态的构成1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例) 一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/ are＋done We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 did was/ were＋done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 现在进行时 am/ is/are＋doing am/ is/ are＋being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her. 现在完成时 have/has＋done have/ has＋been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 一般将来时 will/ shall/ be going to ＋do will/ shall/ be going to＋be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 过去进行时 was/ were＋doing was/ were＋being＋done She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her this time yesterday. 过去完成时 had＋done had＋been＋done Jim had finished the work. The work had been finished by Jim. 过去将来时 would/ should/ be going to＋do would/should/ be going to＋do He said he would made a kite. He said a kite would be made by him. 含有情态动词 can/ may/ must＋do can/may/must＋be＋done I can find him. He can be found by me.（二）被动语态的用法被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。e.g.This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。e.g.More trees must be planted every year.每年必须有更多的树被种植。3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。4．动作的发出者不是人时。e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换1．主动语态变被动语态： （1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。 （2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。 （3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 e.g.We asked him to sing an English song.我们让他唱一首英语歌。He was asked to sing an English song by us.他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可接直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。e.g.She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)→I was given a book. (间接宾语me改为主语)A book was given to me. (育接宾语a book改为主语)3．短语动词变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。e.g.We should speak to old men politely. (变为被动语态)→Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。e.g.I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.5．被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等使役动词, 也称为感官动词，let、make、here等动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。e.g.He makes the girl stay at home.(改为被动结构)→The girl is made to stay at home.Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(改为同义句)→They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.四句话：①主语变成宾语； ②宾语变成主语； ③动词一分为二； ④时态体现在be动词上。（四）被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式1．主动结构表被动意义（1）open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。e.g.This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这很好卖。（2）look、sound、taste、smell等系动词主动结构表被动意义。e.g.Uniforms look ugly on us. 我们穿着制服很难看。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼吃起来很好。（3）be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。e.g.This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。（4）want/ need/ require＋doing相当于want/ need/ require＋to be done。to be done表不定式的被动结构。e.g.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。（五）不用被动语态的情况1．主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。e.g.The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。Himself was introduced as Mr. White.(误)They help each other study English. (主动语态)他们互相帮助学习英语。Each other is helped study English. (误)2．当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。e.g.We will have a meeting.我们将开一个会。3．主动语态的宾语是动词不定式或-ing形式时，不能用作被动语态的主语。e.g.My brother enjoys watching TVHe asked to have a try.他请求试一次。 注意：解答被动语态题目时，首先要判断主语和动作的关系，如果主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态
从初二上册起，开始有被动语态的句子出现，在初二下册增多，初三课本正式讲了。
初三上学期开始，是重点。
初三
九年级第五六单元学的
做外贸，经常用被动语态！1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如：Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如：Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转,避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要,使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排. 如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines.4、外贸，特别强调Samples will be sent within 2 days 本回答由网友推荐
我们在平常的英语交流中，尽量使用主动语态，但在下列情况下，则通常使用使用被动语态：1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。如：The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。3. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲送给我作为生日礼物的。4. 在新闻报道中，为了表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的透露时。如：A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men were killed, the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event. 今天早晨高速公路上发生了一起车祸，三人丧生，伤员马上被送往了医院，并马上派了警察去处理这一事件(from5. 在科技论文中，常使用被动语态来强调客观事实。如：When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice. 当天气足够冷时，水就会变成冰。So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times. 到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。
被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文Chinese是动词speak的承受者。 被例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略 的to加上，这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. ② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等 ③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。 例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm. 在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。 ④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father. ⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。 ⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。 ⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,. ⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word. ⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kiss 追答 望采纳 祝你学业有成
1 不知道动作发出者是谁2 不想说动作发出者是谁3 没必要说动作发出者是谁4 强调动作承受着
用主动还是用被动，主语是看主语和谓语动词的关系，如果主语就是动作的发出者，就用主动。如果主语是动词作用的对象，就用被动。清楚了吗？ 更多追问追答 追问 懂了 追答 恩 追问 能给我具几个例子吗？ 追答 谢谢采纳。如果有问题，再问我。 好 稍等 主动：We cleaned the classroom.主语是我们we，谓语动词是打扫cleaned 我们就是打扫这个动作的发出者，所以就用主动 The classroom was cleaned主语是classroom,谓语动词是cleaned 主语教室，是clean清扫这个动作的对象，所以用被动 明白了吗？ 追问 Be 后面是用动词的过去分次吗？ 追答 对 被动语态的结构通常是主语+be+动词的过去分词+by+动作的发出者 追问 切莫时候用is阿 追答 主语是单数就要用is 追问 复数呢 追答 复数用are 当然如果是过去时，就要用were 本回答被提问者采纳
英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行 同"。这两种时态无被动形式。 另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。 被动语态（一般现在时） 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
请把问题说完。。。否则我看不懂。。